EMT-B (Brady) Chapters 1-39 Exam Questions and Answers

EMT-B (Brady) Chapters 1-39 Exam Questions and Answers Abrasions -Answer-What does the A stand for in the memory aid DCAP? Integrated post-cardiac arrest care -Answer-What is the fifth element of the Chain of Survival? Light -Answer-What does the L stand for in the memory aid PERRL? Bodily Substance Isolation -Answer-BSI Nasopharyngeal Airway -Answer-NPA Apneic -Answer-Not breathing Cyanosis -Answer-A blue or gray color resulting from lack of oxygen in the body Cricoid Cartilage -Answer-Top ring of cartilage that forms the lower larynx and provide structure to the proximal trachea Patent Airway -Answer-A open or clear Airway which will remain open Oropharyngeal Airway -Answer-OPA Carina -Answer-Where the Trachea branches into the two mainstream bronchi Mandible -Answer-Lower jaw Glottic opening -Answer-The entry point into the larynx Burns -Answer-What does the B stand for in the memory aid BTLS? Epiglottis -Answer-Protects the Glottic opening Thyroid cartilage -Answer-Protects the front of the larynx and forms the Adam's apple Bronchioles -Answer-The smaller branches which subdivide off of the bronchi Lower Airway -Answer-Trachea, Carina, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli, Pulmonary capillaries Upper Airway -Answer-Mouth and Nose, Pharynx, and hypopharynx (laryngoparynx) Pharynx -Answer-The throat Mouth -Answer-Primarily designed to be the entrance of the digestive system Laryngopharnx -Answer-Hypopharynx is also known as the... Alveoli -Answer-Tiny sacs that occur in grape-like bunches are called? Pulmonary Capillaries -Answer-Capillaries that surround the Alveoli are called? Pharynx -Answer-Oropharynx, Nasopharynx, and the Laryngopharynx (Hypopharynx) make up what? Bronchoconstriction -Answer-The contraction of the smooth muscle that lines the bronchial passages that result in a decreased internal diameter of the airway and increased resistance Constriction -Answer-Decreased internal diameter Dilate -Answer-Increased internal diameter Stridor -Answer-A high pitched sound generated from a partially obstructed air flow in the upper airway Edema -Answer-Swelling Pain -Answer-What does the P stand for in the memory aid AVPU? Immediate recognition and activiation -Answer-What is the first element of the Chain of Survival? Lacerations -Answer-What does the L stand for in the memory aid BTLS? Sniffing -Answer-A bolt upright position with the head pitched forward is known as the _______ position. Intact Muscle Tone -Answer-Having control of the muscles that form the airway is known as? Alert -Answer-What does the A stand for in the memory aid AVPU? Acute -Answer-Sudden, immediately following an incident Chronic -Answer-Occurring over a period of time Acute Stress -Answer-Stress reaction immediately following an incident or shortly after Chronic Stress -Answer-Stress reaction which occurs days, weeks, months, or even years after an incident Inadequate Breathing -Answer--No breathing or air movement -Evidence of foreign bodies in the airway -Air exchange rate is subnormal -Unable or having difficulty speaking -Wheezing, stridor, gasping, gurgling, etc. -In children, retraction and nasal flaring These are signs of what? Hoarseness -Answer-Voice changes, raspy voice, like stridor Snoring -Answer-The sound of the soft tissue of the upper airway creating a partial obstruction of air flow Gurgling -Answer-The sound of fluid obstructing the airway Head Tilt, Chin Lift Maneuver -Answer-Tilting the head back and lifting the chin in order to attempt to open the airway when NO trauma us suspected is which maneuver? Jaw Thrust Maneuver -Answer-Thrusting movement of the jaw forward, without moving the head or neck, in order to attempt to open the airway when there IS possible trauma suspected to the C-spine, is which maneuver? Dorsal -Answer-Term referring to the back of the body or the back of the hand or foot is... Anterior -Answer-The front of the body or body part... Time -Answer-What does the T stand for in the memory aid OPQRST? Posterior -Answer-The back of the body or body part... Oropharyngeal Airway -Answer-A curved device, only used when Patient is unresponsive, inserted through the Patient's mouth into the Pharynx to help maintain a patent airway Naso -Answer-refers to nose Gag Reflex -Answer-Vomiting or retching that results when something is placed in the back of the Pharynx is called? Nasopharyngeal Airway -Answer-A flexible breathing tube inserted through the Patient's nose into the Pharynx to help maintain a patent airway French -Answer-The measurements for the different sizes of nasopharyngeal airway tubes are called? Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) -Answer-Clear fluid that can come from ears and nose, which is a sign of head trauma... Hypoxia -Answer-Lack of oxygen... Severity -Answer-What does the S stand for in the memory aid OPQRST? Suction Tip -Answer-The rigid pharyngeal tip or Yankauer Preoxygenate -Answer-Adequately ventilate Patient with supplemental oxygen PRIOR to suctioning is... Child's Respiratory -Answer--Smaller nose and mouth -Tongue takes up more space -Trachea is narrower -Cricoid cartilage is less rigid and underdeveloped These are characteristics of a... Minute Volume -Answer-The amount of air moved into and out the lungs per minute (TV x RR) Tidal Volume -Answer-The amount of air moved in one breath or one cycle of inhalation and exhalation Respiratory Rate -Answer-The number of breaths taken in one minute is the? Dead Space -Answer-The air that occupies Trachea, Bronchi, and other parts of the airway, but does not reach the Alveoli for the gas exchange Ventilation -Answer-The process of air moving into and out of the chest Round and Reactive -Answer-What do both R's stand for in the memory aid PERRL? Inhalation -Answer-An active process... Exhalation -Answer-A passive process... Normal Tidal Volume -Answer-5-7 mL per kg of body weight Diffusion -Answer-The process of gases from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is known as? Alveolar Ventilation -Answer-The amount of air that reaches the Alveoli for the gas exchange is known as? Pulmonary Respiration -Answer-The diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide the takes place between the Alveoli and the circulating blood is? Cellular Respiration -Answer-The diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the cells and circulating blood is? Bag Valve Mask -Answer-BVM Hypercapnia -Answer-High carbon dioxide is also known as? Respiration -Answer-Referring to the exchange of gases between the Alveoli and the the blood (external) and between the blood and the cells (internal) Respiratory Distress -Answer-Increased work of breathing; a sensation of shortness of breath Respiratory Failure -Answer-The reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is NOT sufficient to support life Respiratory Arrest -Answer-When breathing completely stops (Adequate Breathing) Adult -Answer-12-20 per minute (RR) (Adequate Breathing) Child -Answer-15-30 per minute (RR) (Adequate Breathing) Infant -Answer-25-50 per minute (RR