Audiology Praxis 5343 Exam Questions and Answers

Audiology Praxis 5343 Exam Questions and Answers What is the relationship between fundamental frequencies and harmonics? - Correct Answer ️️ -F0= lowest freq component of a complex periodic sound; harmonic is a regular and repeating multiple of the f0 In which frequencies and at what intensities are most speech sounds produced? - Correct Answer ️️ -When applied to speech, the human voice spans a range from about 125Hz to 8kHz. 55-65 dB Define threshold - Correct Answer ️️ -"Threshold is defined as the lowest decibel hearing level at which responses occur in at least one half of a series of ascending trials. The minimum number of responses needed to determine the threshold of hearing is two responses out of three presentations at a single level ." What is the relationship between sound pressure level (SPL) and hearing level (HL)? - Correct Answer ️️ -dB HL normalizes SPL scale to 0 because we do not hear the same at all frequencies. Our ears do not perceive low- and high-frequency sounds as well as they do sounds between 500 and 4,000 Hz. Thus, normal hearing, if plotted on an audiogram using the SPL scale, would be a curved, wavy line. Describe the function of each of the three major parts of the hearing mechanism - Correct Answer ️️ -OUTER: Pinna-- Funneling of sound & localization. Ear canal-- Amplifies sounds & protects TM MIDDLE: Reduces impedance mismatch & Protects from loud sounds (also, Eustachian tube equalizes pressure BC for the TM to vibrate, the air pressure needs to be equal on each side of the TM.) INNER: amplify sounds, frequency selectivity, converts sound to electrical signal, maintain balance Function of outer and inner hair cells? - Correct Answer ️️ -OUTER: Amplification of displacement on the traveling wave & frequency selectivity (active processes are here) INNER: Nerve excitation= send signals to auditory nerve What are the fluids found in the labyrinths of the inner ear? - Correct Answer ️️ -Scala vestibuli: Perilymph Scala media: Endolymph Scala tympani: Perilymph What impacts can hearing loss cause for learning in children? - Correct Answer ️️ - Delay in speech and language, reduced academic achievement and vocabulary, lessened literacy skills, social isolation and poor self-concept, vocational choices Describe the differences in speech and language development between pre- and post lingually deafened children. - Correct Answer ️️ -pre lingual- deafened before they learn speech post lingual- deafened after they learn speech (about age 6)-effects are not as severe for post lingually deafened children; need to implant/amplify immediately for prelingual What impacts can hearing loss cause for adults (ex: social isolation)? - Correct Answer ️️ -fatigue, depression, social withdraw, impaired memory, reduced quality of life, headaches, increased stress and blood pressure What are the etiologies of hearing loss present at birth? - Correct Answer ️️ -50% Genetic (syndromic & Non-syndromic) 25% Environmental 25% Idiopathic Genetic causes of HL? Non-syndromic and syndromic - Correct Answer ️️ -Non- syndromic: Connexin mutation related BFN B4 Mitochondrial Syndromic: Alport syndrome Branchio-oto-rental syndrome CHARGE Jervel and Lange-Nielson Syndrome Pendred syndrome Treacher Collins syndrome Stickler syndrome Ushers syndrome Waardenburg syndrome Down syndrome, Neurofibromatosis type 2 Environmental causes of hearing loss (pre/perinatal= present at birth) - Correct Answer ️️ -TORCH (toxoplasmosis, syphilis, HIV, herpes, rubella, CMV) Premature birth, low birth weight, asphyxia Maternal- pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, RH incompatibility Fetal alcohol syndrome Characteristics of waardenburg syndrome - Correct Answer ️️ -pigmentation abnormalities (gray spots in hair or different color eyes) and wide-set eyes, congenital SNHL, *can be progressive Characteristics of Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome - Correct Answer ️️ -Sensorineural, conductive, or mixed & can be progressive or permanent at birth. Can cause ossicular fixation or cochear hypoplasia. Kidney abnormalities! Characteristics of CHARGE syndrome - Correct Answer ️️ -Colomba of the eyes Heart defects Atresia or stenosis of the Chonae (nasal passage) Retardation of growth/development Genital abnormalities Ear abnormalities/deafness Stable, mixed severe-profound unilateral loss Characteristics of Treacher Collins Syndrome? - Correct Answer ️️ -Wonder movie. No cognitive delays! Poor speech articulation. Moderate-severe CONDUCTIVE loss onlt (anotia/microtia, atresia) Characteristics of Usher's Syndrome - Correct Answer ️️ -SNHL. Vision loss!! Type I in particular causes problems with VESTIBULAR system. Development & motor skills slow. Characteristics of Jervell and Lange-Nielson Syndrome - Correct Answer ️️ -SNHL and heart condition. Classic patient presentation: deaf child who experiences fainting episodes during stress, exercise, or fright. Can also have