respiratory disorder pathophysiology questions & answers 2024

respiratory disorder pathophysiologypathophysiology of asthma - correct answer chronic inflammation and edema of the mucosal lining of the airways and hyperresponsive of the bronchial smooth muscles (bronchospasm) causes narrowed airways and air trapping. inflammation occurs in part because things that trigger asthma cause release of inflammatory substances such as histamine and leukotrienes . Medical care of asthma - correct answer self monitoring avoidance of triggers medications nursing care of asthma - correct answer -position the client to maximize ventilation (high fowlers ) -administer oxygen therapy as prescribed - monitor cardiac rate and rhythm for changes during an acute attack(irregular, tachycardia, or PVC) -monitor IV access -maintain calm and reassure demeanor - provide rest periods for clear adults client who have dyspnea pathophysiology of COPD - correct answer a group of pulmonary disorders characterized by difficulty exhaling because of airway that are narrowed or blocked by inflammation, mucous and loss of elasticity fibers causing an increase compliance. more effort is required for the weakened alveoli to push air out through obstructed airways pathophysiology of TB - correct answer TB primary affects the lungs although kidneys, liver, brain and bone may be affected. it lives in dark places in dried sputum for months but is killed in a few hours of direct sunlight. spread by inhalation of infected person. once the baccili enters the lung pathophysiology of Pulmonary embolism - correct answer an embolism is a foreign object that travels through the blood stream, it may be a blood clot, air or fat . PE usually blood blot travels into the pulmonary artery resulting obstruction of blood flow causes a ventilation -perfusion mismatch, which in this case meant that an area of the lung is well ventilated with air but has no blood flow or perfusion,