PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 questions and answers 2024/2025

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1Pathognomonic changes - correct answer unique histological findings that represent distinct disease process Atrophy - correct answer decreased cell size in response to metabolic changes in the cellular environment (smaller muscle) Hypertrophy - correct answer cellular adaptation when cell size enlarges (ex. working out) along with this you get more metabolic demand Physiologic hypertrophy - correct answer enlarged muscle is adequately perfused and supplied with blood flow, O2 and nutrients because of angiogenesis. SUPPORTED Pathological hypertrophy - correct answer occurs when there is an increase in cell size without an increase in the supportive structures. Ex. if left ventricle gets bigger because of hypertension. NOT SUPPORTED etiology - correct answer original cause of a cellular alteration or disease Hyperplasia - correct answer Increase in the number of cells (increase tissue mass) ex. shown in pregnancy Metaplasia - correct answer When one type of cell is replaced by another type of cell. Ex. esophagitis (flat cells-->stomach cells) Dysplasia - correct answer disordered cells, cells that have lost normal architectural arrangement; a precancerous condition. Comes before neoplasia. A chronic stressor in cell environment can cause this Neoplasia - correct answer cancer cells