Buttaro 128 Cholelithiasis and Cholecystitis EXAM [100% VERIFIED]

Buttaro 128 Cholelithiasis and Cholecystitis EXAM [100% VERIFIED] Causes of cholelithiasis and cholecystitis *Ans* inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, metabolic and congenital conditions. Acalculous cholecystitis is less common but associated with *Ans* more severe morbidity Risk factors for gallbladder disease *Ans* age, ethnicity (Scandinavians and Pima Indians), pregnancy, family hx, gender, diet, medications, obesity, rapid weight loss, hx of gastric bypass disease, hyperalimentation, DM, Crohn's ETOH, biliary cirrhosis and hyperthyroidism Which medications contribute to cholelithiasis and cholecystitis? *Ans* Estrogen, oral contraceptives, thiazide diuretics Acute cholecystitis requires *Ans* physician consultation Gallstones are formed from *Ans* Bile constituent crystals. Can be cholesterol, pigmented or mixed. Small gallstones *Ans* Pass uneventfully through the common bile duct and don't cause distress. Larger gallstones may obstruct the *Ans* cystic or common bile duct, causing increased pressure to the ductal system, causing pain, nausea, vomiting as a result of the contractile spasms of smooth muscle The blockage of bile from the duodenum reduces *Ans* The body's ability to digest fat. The obstruction caused by gallstones prevents bile secretion into the small intestine, causing *Ans* Jaundice Most common bacteria involved in biliary tract infections are *Ans* e coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, enterococci Can cholecystitis happen in the absence of stones? *Ans* Yes. Called acute or chronic acalculous cholecystitis. If duration is <1 month, then acute. If >30 months, then chronic. Common cause of acalculous cholecystitis *Ans* Biliary dyskinesia Risk factors associated with acute acalculous cholcystitis *Ans* CAD, Previous MI, Dm