HESI Med Surg 2 Q&A

HESI Med Surg 2 Questions & Answers HESI Med Surg 2 Q&A The nurse should be correc t in withholding a dose of digoxin in a client with congestive heart failure without specific instruction from the healthcare provider if the client's A) serum digoxin level is 1.5. B) blood pressure is 104/68. C) serum potassium level is 3. D) apical pulse is 68/min. - CORRECT ANSWER C) serum potassium level is 3. Hypokalemia (C) can precipitate digitalis toxicity in persons receiving digoxin which will increase the chance of dangerous dysrhythmias (normal potassium level is 3.5 to 5.5 mEq/L). The the rapeutic range for digoxin is 0.8 to 2 ng/ml (toxic levels= >2 ng/ml); (A) is within this range. (B) would not warrant the nurse withholding the digoxin. The nurse should withhold the digoxin if the apical pulse is less than 60/min (D). During CPR, when a ttempting to ventilate a client's lungs, the nurse notes that the chest is not moving. What action should the nurse take first? A) Use a laryngoscope to check for a foreign body lodged in the esophagus. B) Reposition the head to validate that the head is in the proper position to open the airway. C) Turn the client to the side and administer three back blows. D) Perform a finger sweep of the mouth to remove any vomitus. - CORRECT ANSWER B) Reposition the head to validate that the head is in the proper p osition to open the airway. The most frequent cause of inadequate aeration of the client's lungs during CPR is improper positioning of the head resulting in occlusion of the airway (B). A foreign body can occlude the airway, but this is not common unless choking preceded the cardiac emergency, and (A, C and D) should not be the nurse's first action. Despite several eye surgeries, a 78 -year-old client who lives alone has persistent vision problems. The visiting nurse is discussing painting the house with the client. The nurse suggests that the edge of the steps should be painted which color? A) Black. B) White. C) Light green. D) Medium yellow. - CORRECT ANSWER D) Medium yellow. Yellow is the easies t for a person with failing vision to see (D). (A) will be almost impossible to see at night because the shadows of the steps will be too difficult to determine, and would pose a safety hazard. (B) is very hard to see with a glare from the sun and it could hurt the eyes in the daytime to look at them. (C) is a pastel color and is difficult for elderly clients to see. The nurse is assessing a client with bacterial meningitis. Which assessment finding indicates the client may have developed septic emboli? A) Cyanosis of the fingertips. B) Bradycardia and bradypnea. C) Presence of S3 and S4 heart sounds. D) 3+ pitting edema of the lower extremities. - CORRECT ANSWER A) Cyanosis of the fingertips. Septic emboli secondary to meningitis comm only lodge in the small arterioles of the extremities, causing a decrease in circulation to the hands (A) which may lead to gangrene. (B, C, and D) are abnormal findings, but do not indicate the development of septic emboli. In assessing a client diagnose d with primary hyperaldosteronism, the nurse expects the laboratory test results to indicate a decreased serum level of which substance? A) Sodium. B) Antidiuretic hormone. C) Potassium. D) Glucose. - CORRECT ANSWER C) Potassium. Clients with primary aldosteronism exhibit a profound decline in the serum levels of potassium (C) (hypokalemia) --hypertension is the most prominent and universal sign. (A) is normal or elevated, depending on the amount of water reabsorbed with the sodium. (B) is decreased wit h diabetes insipidus. (D) is not affected by primary aldosteronism. A client with diabetes mellitus is experiencing polyphagia. Which outcome statement is the priority for this client? A) Fluid and electrolyte balance. B) Prevention of water toxicity. C) Reduced glucose in the urine. D) Adequate cellular nourishment. - CORRECT ANSWER D) Adequate cellular nourishment.