PATHO EXAM 4

What is cholelithiasis? - Cholesterol gallstone formation What are risk factors for getting gallstones - -TPN: total parenteral nutrition -Obesity -Rapid weight loss -High spinal cord injuries -pregnant women S/S of cholelithiasis - -biliary colic- persistent epigastric or RUQ pain -they are related to diet: fatty food S/S of cholecystitis - -severe RUQ pain/ epigastric pain -pain can radiate to right shoulder or back -fever -n/v -jaundice and pruritus What changes are happening to the gallbladder with cholecystitis - -inflammation of the gallbladder wall -causes fibrotic changes and thickening How to diagnose cholecystitis - ultrasound What are two major causes for ascites - -portal hypertension -hypoalbuminemia What is Hepatitis ETOH - -known as the alcoholic hepatitis -it causes necrosis of the liver tissue S/S of Hepatitis ETOH - -fever -portal hypertension -hepatomegaly -encephalopathy which can cause mood and LOC changes S/S of cirrhosis - -jaundice and pruritus -hypoalbuminemia, increases the risk for bleeding because of decreased platelets -skinny due to muscle atrophy -portal hypertension and esophageal varices Common causes for Hep A - -eating raw shellfish -Fecal-oral route -lack of sanitized water Incubation period for Hep A - 2-7 weeks What will you see with Hep A - -fever, malaise, anorexia -anti HVA immunoglobulin and IgM How is Hep B contracted - blood and sexual contact Incubation period for Hep B - 2-6 months What will you see with Hep B - asymptomatic or symptoms similar to Hep A? -fever, malaise, anorexia, rash, jaundice What will you see with Hep C - -asymptomatic until cirrhosis occurs -anti HVC lab test