Multicultural Counseling Chapter 12 100% correct(RATED A)

The Hardiman White Racial Identity Development Model - ANSWER The naivete stage, the acceptance stage, the resistance stage, the redefinition stage, and the internalization stage. Hardiman Naivete Stage - ANSWER Lack of social consciousness, is characteristic of early childhood, when we are born into this world innocent, open, and unaware of racism and racial differences tend to be the norm. Hardiman Acceptance Stage - ANSWER Marked by conscious belief in the democratic ideal-that everyone has an equal opportunity to succeed in a free society and that those who fail must bear the responsibility for their failure. Hardiman Resistance Stage - ANSWER Can prove to be a painful, conflicting and uncomfortable transition. The White person's denial system begins to crumble because of a monumental event or a series of events that not only challenge but also shatter the individual's denial system. Hardiman Redefinition Stage - ANSWER Asking the painful question of who one is in relation to one's racial heritage, honestly confronting one's biases and prejudices, and accepting responsibility for one's Whiteness. Hardiman Internalization Stage - ANSWER The result of forming a new social and personal identity. With the greater comfort in understanding oneself and the development of a nonracist white identity comes a commitment to social action as well. The Helmes White Racial Identity Development Model - ANSWER Contact status, disintegration status, reintegration status, pseudoindependence status, immersion/emersion status, autonomy status. Helmes Contact Status - ANSWER People in this status are oblivious to and unaware of racism, believe that everyone has an equal chance for success, lack an understanding of prejudice and discrimination, have minimal experiences with persons of color, and may profess to be color-blind. Helmes Disintegration Status - ANSWER Although in the previous status the individual does not recognize the polarities of democratic principles of equality and the unequal treatment of minority groups, such obliviousness may eventually break down. The White person becomes conflicted over irresolvable racial moral dilemmas that are frequently perceived