Packaging Science 1020 Test 1 Latest Update 100% Pass

Packaging Science 1020 Test 1 Latest Update 100% Pass Definition of packaging a field that involves the use of materials, methods and machinery to develop and produce the packages that protect and preserve a product, help market it and instruct the consumer of proper use 3000 BC Egyptians learned how to blow and cast glass 105 AD paper invented in china 1500 cork stopper used for bottles such as wine- first evidence of protective packaging retort pressure cooking 1809 Nicholas Appert: canning process 1810 Peter Durand: "tin canister" 1868 John Yatt- patent for celluloid first "plastic" cellulose is the fibers of wood 1895 toothpaste first offered in tubes 1877 Quaker Oats first used "quaker man" 1897 first major use of paperboard for Nabisco Late 1800s early 1900s first major use of graphics 1930 polyethylene discovered in England, eventually one of the most commonly used packaging plastics 1950's to 60s convenience and brand expansion 1970s improvements in distribution and material handling 1980s improvements in barrier films and microwave packaging 1990s environmental awareness and market globalization 1954 polypropylene used for packaging laws clarified and improved 1987 New Jersey enacts first statewide recycling law for plastic containers 1990 Nutritional labeling and education act importance of packaging to society reduces wastes most companies are either users or suppliers Larger companies like Nabisco and coors can be users and suppliers Raw material producer may also be a converter Functions of packaging contain protect/preserve, inform/sell, provide convenience or utility of use primary package directly in contact with the product secondary package holding one or more of primary package tertiary shipping or distribution package Quaternary unit load containment products physical form, products nature protect protect from elements, shock and vibration, protect consumer from contents, protect against tampering Inform sell information required by law, contents, nutritional label warnings, shipping information trade dress includes shape, color and print, covered under trademark law Utility of use provide convenience 4 categories of materials paper and paperboard, metals, glass, plastics applications for wood packaging barrels, crates, nailed or wire bound boxes, pallets and skids cellulose structure for paper/paperboard paper 0.012" thick or less paperboard greater than 0.012" thick referred to as points points 0.001" = 1 point so 0.014" = 14 point paperboard 3 ways to make pulp mechanical, chemical, semi-chemical mechanical pulp doesn't use chemicals, uses all the wood, low brightness and strength, usually combined with other pulps chemical pulp sulfate(Kraft) sulfite soda semi-chemical pulp cook wood in chemicals grind in disc refiner media the wavy part in the corrugated shipper paper making machinery speed 3000 ft/min; web width 30 ft; production 800 miles/day 2 types of paper making machines fourdrinier and cylinder fourdrinier for paper or paperboard cylinder for paperboard only general procedure for both processes screen, squeeze, dry calendaring paper run through stack of rollers paper/paperboard specifications basis weight lbs/sq ft paper lbs/3000 sq ft paperboard lbs/1000 sq ft thickness measured and expressed in inches for paper but expressed in points for paperboard bending grade board used for folding cartons types of board clay coated news back, solid bleached sulfate (SBS) variety of design tube, tray, hybrid scoring allowance the radius taken up in the fold solid fiberboard uses shipping containers, dividers, corner supports corrugated paperboard A, B, C, E and F flutes linerboard comes in different basis weights specified with burst or edge crush tests 3 important features height of flutes, distance between flute peaks, type of linerboard uses for A B C flutes in double and triple wall shipping boxes, point of purchase displays uses for E F flutes retail boxes for small appliances or bulky items, fast food packaging RSC regular slotted container steel non beverage can in US, beverage can in europe aluminum beverage cans, trays, foil laminated or bare iron is converted to steel through steps melt/form, cold reduction, annealing, tempering 2 types of metal cans 3 pieces and 2 pieces 3 piece can 1. rectangle formed into a cylinder, 2. seal side seam of cylinder, 3. 2 metal circles rolled onto ends of cylinder 2 piece can 1. circle drawn into cup shaped cylinder, 2. one circle needed for top 2 methods for making 2 piece can drawn and ironed and draw redraw uncoated steel black plate TFS tin free steel cans, most common food can coated steels can have thin coatings of chromium for chromium oxide. they are called TFS aluminum can beverage can Base box 1 base box= 31360 sq in, 112 sheets of 14" x 20" higher plate number thicker plating 3 piece can is the only can with a side seam double seam hook body hook and cover hook aluminum- raw material most abundant metallic element on the earths crust mine as bauxite, produce alumina and produce aluminum from alumina sheet ingot -soak at 1000 degrees F breakdown hot or cold rolling hot or cold rolling step where conversion to package takes place 1886 produce aluminum from alumina bu Hall- Herlout process