PADI OPEN WATER QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS RATED A+

What is the most important rule of scuba diving? - Do not hold your breath Breathe continuously What are the consequences of breaking the most important rule in scuba diving? - Lung overexpansion severe injuries, death What is a reverse block? - pain and discomfort caused by expanding air trapped inside an air space during ascent What should you do if you feel discomfort during ascent due to air expansion in the ears, sinuses, stomach, intestines, or teeth? - slow or stop ascent descend a meter/few feet and give the trapped air time to work its way out How does increasing depth affect how long your air supply lasts? - the deeper you descend, the denser the air becomes. It takes 4X the effort to breathe twice as fast What's the most efficient way to breathe dense air underwater? - take deep, slow breaths Why does a diver need a mask? - creates an air space, so your eyes can focus As you go deeper, you consume air from your scuba cylinder _____ - faster Why does the mask need to enclose your nose? - to equalize during your descent to prevent mask squeeze What 6 features should you look for in a mask? - 1) tempered glass 2) comfortable skirt with a good seal 3) nose or finger pockets 4) low profile 5) Adjustable strap that can be locked in place 6) wide field of vision When buying a mask, what are the 2 most important features? - fit and comfort How do you prepare a new mask for use? - use a soft cloth with a low abrasion cleaner to remove the protective chemical adjust the strap What 3 general maintenance procedures apply to mask care? - 1) rinse thoroughly with fresh H2o 2) keep out of direct sunlight 3) store in a cool, dry place Why does a diver need a snorkel? - 1) lets you rest or swim with your face in the water, without wasting cylinder air 2) makes it easier to breathe when the surface is rough 3) makes it easier to swim back, when you are running low on air What 3 features does an easy-breathing snorkel have? - 1) large diameter (bore) 2) Not excessively long 3) Designed with smooth, rounded bends How do you prepare a snorkel for use? - 1) attach it to the left of your mask 2) Adjust snorkel keeper, so the top of the snorkel sits at the crown of your head with the mouthpiece in place 3) remains in your mouth with a relaxed jaw Why does a diver need fins? - provide a large surface area, so leg muscles can move through the water What are the 2 basic fin styles? - 1) adjustable strap - open heel 2) full-foot What blade design features may enhance a fin's performance? - Ribs- add rigidity, act as vertical stabilizers Vents- reduce resistance to fin and increase efficiency channels- increase efficiency by guiding water smoothly split- designed to thrust water straight back for max efficiency How do you prepare new fins for use? - full foot- no preparation adjustable strap- need to adjust What 3 considerations do you have when buying a specific type of fin? - size physical ability where you plan to dive Why does a diver need a BCD? - allows you to regulate your buoyancy underwater provides positive buoyancy for resting Why do divers need a back pack? - to hold the cylinder Of the 3 styles of BCD, which is the most commonly used by recreational divers? - jacket style What 5 features do BCDs have in common? - 1) enough air 2) large diameter inflation/deflation hose 3) low pressure inflation system 4) over pressure relief valve 5) adjustable to fit comfortably How do you prepare a BCD for use? - adjustment for proper fit is required With it deflated, adjust the straps Put it on, have someone help fine tune it Inflate it What additional maintenance requirements do you have with a BCD? - rinse interior with fresh water store partially inflated Why does a diver need a scuba cylinder? - used to safely store high pressure air What does a cylinder valve do? - control air flow from the cylinder With what piece of equipment is the backpack integrated? - cylinder What are 4 common sizes and 2 materials for scuba cylinders? - 8, 10, 12, 15 liters aluminum and steel What 5 common markings do you commonly find on the neck of a scuba cylinder? - 1) type of material cylinder is made of 2) max pressure permitted in cylinder 3) serial number 4) dates of pressure tests 5) manufacturer symbol What are 2 basic types of cylinder valves? - K-valve: simple on and off J-valve: built in mechanism that signals when you run low on air What's the difference between a DIN valve and a Yoke valve? - DIN: screw the regulator into the valve Yoke: most common, attach regulator via Yoke What is the purpose of a burst disc? - relieve the cylinder over pressurization which can happen from overfilling the cylinder or excess heat How do you turn a cylinder valve on and off? - Open slowly until it stops turning Close it all the way gently What's the best way to keep water out of a scuba cylinder? - never allow it to be completely empty Why do you need scuba cylinder visual inspections and pressure tests? - overfilling can lead to metal fatigue and shorten the life of the cylinder to avoid corrosion What does a regulator do? - - makes it possible to use the air to your cylinder - reduces scuba cylinder's high pressure air to match the surrounding water pressure When looking at a regulator, which are the following parts: first stage - first stage: attach to scuba cylinder valve second stage: has a mouthpiece What's the most important feature for consideration when purchasing a regulator? - ease of breathing How do you rinse a regulator after use? - soak it, while attached to your scuba cylinder then rinse with running water What 3 points do you need to keep in mind when rinsing your regulator? - 1)put the first stage dust cover firmly in place to keep H2o out of first stage 2) Do not use high pressure water to rinse 3) Don't press the purge button while rinsing or soaking, bc it opens the second stage inlet valve What is a SPG? - Submersible Pressure Gauge Why do divers need a submersible pressure gauge? - to monitor how much air you have Proper airway control means to: - 1) Always inhale slowly if water enters your regulator, snorkel or mouth, so you don't pull it into your throat; 2) always inhale cautiously and slowly after clearing your snorkel or reg- ulator; and 3) use your tongue as a splash guard by putting the tip on the roof of your mouth when you breath past small amounts of water. How to breath? - Always breathe slowly and deeply and continu- ously when using scuba. Strive to develop airway control. Overexertion symptoms include - symptoms include fatigue, labored breathing, a feel- ing of suffocation, weakness, anxiety, headache, muscle cramping or a tendency to panic. three basic styles of exposure suits, - the body suit, the wet suit and the dry suit. All expo- sure suits have four basic maintenance steps: - 1) rinse, 2) dry inside out, 3) store and 4) lubricate dry suit zip- pers periodically. You can follow these points to avoid overheating: - 1. Set up all your equip- ment before putting on the exposure suit. Put the suit on at the last possible moment. 2. Once you have the suit on, limit your activ- ity as much as possible. 3. Stay out of the sun as much as possible. 4. Keep your hood off, or at least pulled back off your head as long as possible. 5. Leave your jacket unzipped as long as possible. 6. Cool off by entering the water, or spraying down with a hose (common on dive boats) as much as you need. You can get two basic weight system types: - the weight belt, and the integrated weight system The most important feature on any weight system. - The quick release. An important part of setup is determining how much weight you need. - You should float at eye level. If not, add or subtract weight until you do. You can hold weights while you figure out how much you need, then adjust your weight system. What is "alternate air source". - An "alternate air source" is any second stage you may use, other than your own primary second stage, to ascend while breathing normally. Alternate air sources that require another diver include ? - the alternate air second stage and the alternate inflator regulator. What is a pony bottle? - The pony bottle is an alternate air source that you can use independently. It's a small scuba tank normally strapped alongside your main tank, Why do most divers prefer alternate air source ? - Most divers prefer alternate air source second stages and alternate inflator regulators because they cost less and have less bulk and maintenance than pony bottles Where should you locate your alternate air source? - You secure the alternate to your chest in the triangle formed by your chin and the lower corners of your rib cage, which gives you or a buddy quick and easy access to it. Five types if information you obtain from dive instruments? - Everything you need to know under- water: time, depth, direction, temperature and air supply. How do you communicate while diving? - With your hands — by signaling or writing on a slate. What are nine specific points to agree prior to your dive? - 1. Agree on appropriate entry and exit points and techniques. 2. Choose a course to follow. 3. Agree upon time and depth limits. 4. Establish and review communications. 5. Establish a returning air pressure. 6. Discuss the technique you'll use to stay together. 7. Agree on what to do if separated. 8. Discuss emergency procedures. 9. Agree on your dive objective. "Let's just look around," is as much of an objective as you need, but check that your buddy has the same objective. Use the phrase Begin With Review And Friend to help you remember the checks: - BCD, Weights, Releases, Air, Final Okay Remember BWRAF — - BCD, Weights, Releases, Air and Final okay. Some general rules for entries include: - 1. Be sure the entry area is clear so you don't hit anything or anyone getting in. 2. If entering water too deep to stand in, have your BCD about half-inflated so you'll be buoyant. 3. Be sure your buddy is prepared to enter, too. 4. Hold your mask so the water doesn't knock it off. This isn't an issue with some types of entries. 5. After entering, signal that you're okay and clear the entry area to wait for your buddy. Descending has five steps? - 1. You and your buddy signal that you're both ready to descend. 2. Orient yourself to something at the surface that will help you find out where you are when you resurface. 3. Switch from your snorkel to your regulator. Do this with your face in the water. 4. Check the time/ set your watch bezel or start your stopwatch. don't have an underwater watch, for practice look at your wrist where you would wear your watch to simulate noting the time. 5. Slowly deflate your BCD and exhale to initiate a head up descent. Equalize your ears immediately upon submerging and do so fre- quently during descent. You don't need to be straight up and down like you're saluting a general or some- thing, but staying in a generally head up position helps you stay oriented and makes it easier to equalize. To orally inflate the BCD: - 1. Take a breath. 2. Place the mouthpiece on the BCD hose in your mouth. 3. Open the valve by pressing the same button you use to release air. 4. Blow about two thirds of the air in your lungs into the BCD hose. 5. Release the valve button. Proper Weighting? - 1. Enter the water with all your equipment on and your esti- mated weight requirement. 2. Keep your regulator in your mouth, and staying at the sur- face, deflate your BCD and hold a normal breath. Be ready to kick or hold onto something in case you've got too much weight. 3. You should float at eye level. If not, add or subtract weight until you do. You can just hold weights while you figure out how much you need. 4. As a final check, exhale. You'll begin to slowly descend if you're properly weighted. 5. If you're using a full cylinder, now add enough weight to offset the weight of the air you use during the dive (usually about 2 kg/5 lbs with a single cylinder). Ascent guidelines? - Make a slow, comfortable ascent (60' a minute max) a three-minute safety stop at 5 metres/15 feet, and reach the surface without using your reserve. This is one of the marks of a good diver. A proper ascent has five steps? - 1. You and your buddy signal each other and agree to ascend. 2. Note the time of your ascent. (If you don't have a watch for this dive, simulate checking the time by looking at your wrist.) 3. Hold your right hand over your head (so you don't run into anything) and hold up the BCD hose with exhaust control with your left. As you'll see, air expanding in your BCD during ascent increases your buoyancy. You need to release air as you rise to keep your ascent under control. 4. Look up and around, slowly rotating to make sure the area above you is clear. 5. Swim up slowly, at a rate no faster than 18 metres/60 feet per minute (slower is fine), while breathing normally.