MODULE 2 EXAM PORTAGE LEARNING MICROBIO 171 BIOD QUESTION AND ANSWER

MODULE 2 EXAM PORTAGE LEARNING MICROBIO 171 BIOD QUESTION AND ANSWER True or false: metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life. - CORRECT ANSWER-True True or false: enzymes slow down chemical reactions to conserve energy - CORRECT ANSWER-false, they speed up (catalyze) chemical reactions The term for metal ions that assist enzymes during the catalysis reaction - CORRECT ANSWER-cofactors What is catabolism? - CORRECT ANSWER-The process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energy sources Upon cellular injury, which metabolic process is involved during the growth and repair phases of the cell. - CORRECT ANSWER-anabolism An organism that obtains its energy (derives ATP) from photons of light is called a __________________ - CORRECT ANSWER-phototrophic microorganism An organism that derives its energy by removing electrons from elemental sulfur would be classified as a ____________ - CORRECT ANSWER-Lithotroph Describe the energy transfer process relative to both ADP and ATP - CORRECT ANSWER-ATP has the energy (phosphate group) to donate, and ADP can accept energy in the form of a phosphate group. Thus, ATP can be dephosphorylated (ATP----- ADP + Pi), while ADP can be dephosphorylated into ATP (ADP + Pi ----- ATP) This phosphorylation process occurs in the mitochondria of chemotropic eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER-oxidative phosphorylation The catabolism of a single molecule of glucose goes through what three transitions - CORRECT ANSWER-The breakdown of glucose goes through 1. glycolysis 2. fermentation or respiration and then 3. electron transport chain ETC True or false: in the absence of absence of oxygen fermentation produces 2 ATP - CORRECT ANSWER-false what is the primary byproduct of the TCA cycle select - CORRECT ANSWER-NADH and FADH2 True or false: in the absence of oxygen fermentation produces 2 ATP - CORRECT ANSWER-False, it does not produce any additional ATP True or false: the reactants of the TCA cycle directly enter and fuel the electron transport system - CORRECT ANSWER-False What are the main two roles of glucose 6 - phosphate in the cell? - CORRECT ANSWER-G6P 1. prevents glucose from diffusing out of the cell and 2. serves as a signal molecule to the cell that glycolysis is about to begin. What is the most energetic transition in the catabolism of glucose? - CORRECT ANSWER-The ETC yields 34 ATP while both glycolysis and fermentation (or respiration) yield only 2 ATP The reactants of the chemical equation are to the _____ of the arrow - CORRECT ANSWER-left In the absence of glucose, what cannot be used as alternative energy source? - CORRECT ANSWER-nucleic acids For the catabolism of proteins and lipids, which enzymes are used? - CORRECT ANSWER-lipases and proteases what is true pertaining to the light reactions of photosynthesis? - CORRECT ANSWERResults in the formation of ATP and NADPH, it is known as photophosphorylation, process results in a proton concentration gradient, converts light energy into chem energy, first step of photosynthesis, occur in the membrane True or false: The B- oxidation pathway is responsible for the anabolism of fatty acid chains - CORRECT ANSWER-false, the B oxidation pathway is responsible for the catabolism of fatty acid chains True or false: Plants, algae, and bacteria all have chloroplasts - CORRECT ANSWERfalse How many turns or repetitions of the Calvin cycle are required to generate one molecule of glucose? - CORRECT ANSWER-six True or false, dark reactions can take place in the presence or absence of light - CORRECT ANSWER-True, the term dark reactions (also known as Calvin cycle) simple denotes the second stage of photosynthesis - does not actually require darkness Describe the relationship between chloroplasts and chlorophyll - CORRECT ANSWERboth are associated with photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are the double membrane enclosed organelles that contain the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll the process of carbon fixation begins with reactants: - CORRECT ANSWER-ATP, CO2, NADPH, H2O MEMORIZE THE NUMBERS - CORRECT ANSWER-6, 18, 12, 12, 18, 12 A-B+H2O -A-OH+B-H - CORRECT ANSWER-Hydrolases A-B-B-A - CORRECT ANSWER-Isomerases A+B-A-B - CORRECT ANSWER-Ligases A-B-A+B - CORRECT ANSWER-Lyases