PC 707 Module 1 Exam Questions With Correct Answers

Is the PDR considered the best source of evidence-based up to date information for prescribing? - Answer No (only uses drug package inserts) What resource can help guide usage with updates on microbial resistant to antibiotics? - Answer The Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy What was passed to limit the contributions of pharmaceutical companies can make to influence provider options? - Answer The Sunshine Act What type of resource is the textbook? - Answer Secondary resource What is how the drug moves through the body? - Answer Pharmockinetics What are the 4 different parts of pharmokinetics? - Answer (1) absorption (2) excretion (3) distribution (4) metabolism What is the most common and safest route to receive medication? - Answer Oral What is the route of medication when taken orally? - Answer (1) intestinal tract (2) portal vein (3) liver (4) hepatic artery (5) systemic circulation (6) hepatic vein Where does absorption primarily take place? - Answer GI tract and small intestine What is the pharmokinetic process of how much drug ends up in the body? - Answer Absorption Because not all of the administered dosage may be dissolved or absorbed or survive liver passage, only a fraction of an administered dosage makes it to the bloodstream. This is called _______. - Answer Bioavailability What is the maximum blood level that is achieved following drug administration? - Answer Peak Blood Level What is the process of moving drugs throughout the body? - Answer Distribution What protein do most drugs bind to? - Answer Albumin If a drug is all bound in protein, is it more or less available? - Answer Less available If a patient has more protein binding, do you need to increase or decrease dosing of the drug? - Answer increase Drugs that are ________ are not able to activate receptors unless they are free - Answer Protein bound Stopping or starting a drug that binds to plasma protein changes the free drug levels of other __________. - Answer Protein bound drugs What is a hypothetical value that reflects the volume in which a drug would need to dissolved to explain the relationship between dosage and blood levels? - Answer Volume distribution What is a drug that binds to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce a biological response? - Answer Agonist What is a drug that binds to a receptor and does not allow a drug to bind thus making the drug inactive? - Answer Antagonist Where are most drugs excreted? - Answer Kidneys Where do drugs break down in the body? - Answer Liver (via enzymatic processes) What is the process of changing one chemical into another, and the process either creates or uses energy? - Answer metabolism Metabolism (Review CYP450 metabolism. Understand the difference between inducers and inhibitors. What happens if two drugs are taken that use the same pathway?) - Answer One may inhibit and one may enhance the system, it will lead to increases or decreases of different drugs If enzyme prevent CYP450, what will happen to the drug in the body? - Answer Increase in pharamacologic action of drug What are some typical CYP450 enzyme inhibitors? - Answer (1) Depakote (2) isoniazid (3) erythromycin (4) grapefruit juice (5) Tagamet (6) ketoconazole (7) flucanozole (8) alcohol (9) chloramphenicol (10) sulfonamides (11) ciprofloxacin (12) omeprazole (13) metronidazole What food decreases the CYP450 enzymes? - Answer Grapefruit juice More CYP450 enzyme will result in what with drugs people are taking? - Answer Decrease the amount of drug available What results in increased metabolism and decreased pharmacological action of the drug? - Answer Enzyme induction What results in a decreased cytochrome P450 enzymes and increased pharmacologic action of the drug? - Answer Enzyme inhibition What is a pharmacologically inactive medication that are metabolized into the active form within the body? - Answer Pro drug Ultra-rapid metabolizer (Explain ultra-rapid metabolizers. How do these differ from poor to intermediate metabolizers?) - Answer prodrugs are rapidly metabolized into active drug. Active drug is rapidly metabolized into inactive metabolite leading to potential therapeutic failure. Patient requires higher doses of active drug. What is it when a person has more than one functioning copy of a certain enzyme and metabolize drugs at a very fast rate? - Answer Ultra rapid metabolizer What inactivates the drug and less will reach the system? - Answer Hepatic first-pass