REHS NEHA Exam 2023 Solved 100%

Prospective study - ANSWER-Study that follows a group of people over time and watches for outcomes Retrospective study - ANSWER-Study that looks at past exposure events or protection factors in relation to an already determined outcome. Case-Control study - ANSWER-Start with an outcome and go back to study the risk factors Cohort Study - ANSWER-Start with the risk factors and see who develops the disease and who does not. Index Case - ANSWER-First identified case in a group of related cases Correlations vs. Associations - ANSWER-Association means one variable provides information about the other, non-linear relationship (quadratic or other relationships may exist). Correlation means two variables show an increasing or decreasing linear trend EX. Y increases as X decreases. Endemic Outbreak - ANSWER-Disease regularly occurs in a community or area Sporadic Outbreak - ANSWER-Disease occurs infrequently and irregularly Epidemic Outbreak - ANSWER-Disease rapidly affects a large number of people within a community. Disease numbers rise suddenly. Pandemic Outbreak - ANSWER-Large scale disease outbreak, uncontained, spreading rapidly Incidence (disease attack rate) - ANSWER-Describes how quickly disease occurs in a population Prevalence (disease attack rate) - ANSWER-Proportion of persons who have a particular disease Mortality Rate (disease attack rate) - ANSWER-Number of deaths due to a disease divided by the population. Usually represented as a number per 1000 individuals Morbidity Rate (disease attack rate) - ANSWER-State of being symptomatic or unhealthy for a disease or condition. Represented using prevalence or incidence rates. Limiting or Exacerbating factors - ANSWER-Age, occupation, health, environmental factors, behavioral risk factors, virulence, immunity/vaccination,