Pharmaceutical Microbiology (Questions with 100% correct answers)

Sterile correct answers Free from all forms of viable life, negative state that is hard to prove Sterilisation correct answers First order process, population never completely gone but decays exponentially 2 important considerations for sterlisation? correct answers 1) initial bioburden 2) what is an acceptable level of sterility for the product? What is the most resistant organism? correct answers Prions, then bacterial endospores, then small viruses, and finally fungal spores. What is a biofilm? correct answers a group of microorganisms which stick together on a surface in an extracellular matrix Why are biofilms problematic? correct answers Can cause many infections, can interfere with indwelling medical devices, can form in air/water handling systems. They are more resistant to biocides and are 1000 times more resistant to antibiotics Describe bacterial sporulation correct answers septum forms containing replicated DNA- peptidoglycan matrix forms which makes it resistant to temperature. the endospore then dehydrates and matures. Remains like this until conditions are favourable. Name 3 medically significant fungi correct answers candida albicans- oral and vaginal thrush aspergilius fumigatus- causes pulmonary infections dermatophytes- athletes foot and ringworm Define Obligate Intracellular correct answers Viruses can only reproduce inside of a host Name a vulnerability of protozoa correct answers They lack a cell wall and so can be destroyed by drying. How are prions dangerous? correct answers Cause conformational changes in proteins that change function and therefore prion disease What is Creutzfelt-Jakob Disease? correct answers 'Mad cow disease' causes neurodegeneration- 4% occur due to healthcare contamination What is Kunu? correct answers A prion disease isolated to a tribe in New Guinea that is characterised by pathological laughter after cannibalistic practices of the tribe.