Study Outline Exam Three: Modules 6, 7 & 8
1
Module 6
Chapter 18: Drug –Nutrient Interactions
Review the FDA pamphlets provided in the announcements.
Older adults at risk
o Older adults make up 14% of the current population
o By the year 2050, it will be 20% to 22%
o Older adults take more prescription and nonprescription medications than
younger adults
o Likely to be taking drugs for long periods of time for chronic disease
o Drugs are likely to be more toxic
o Respond to drugs with greater variability
o Handle drugs less efficiently
o Nutritional status is more likely to be deficient
o Increased errors in self-care due to mental confusion, illness, and lack of
drug information
o Stimulated or suppressed appetite
o Decreased intestinal absorption
o Increased renal secretion
o Competition or displacement of nutrients for protein carrier sites
Education regarding food allergies
Emergency treatment for severe allergic response
o Epinephrine is the only medication that can reverse the symptoms of
anaphylaxis.
Staying safe
o Strict avoidance of problem foods
o Working with your doctor to develop a Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis
Emergency Care Plan
04/24/2016
,Study Outline Exam Three: Modules 6, 7 & 8
2
o Wearing emergency medical identification (e.g., bracelet, other jewelry) at
all times
o Carrying your medication wherever you go
o Taking your medication at the first sign of a reaction
o Getting to an emergency room for follow-up treatment if you have a
severe reaction
o Resources especially for nurses commonly used in the clinical setting:
Davis's Drug Guide for Nurses
Lippincott's Nursing Drug Guide
Nurses Pocket Drug Guide
Accidental ingestion
o When people have food allergies, they must be prepared to treat an
unintentional exposure. For example, these include:
Wearing a medical alert bracelet or necklace
Carrying an auto-injector device containing epinephrine
(adrenaline)
Seeking medical help immediately
Avoiding
o Alcohol can potentiate the effects of some medications while decreasing
the effects of others; it can also cause bleeding in the intestinal tract when
taken with specific medications
o Medications that help the body retain potassium should not be taken with
potassium rich foods such as white beans or bananas.
o Foods high in fiber can decrease the effects of some medications as well;
those medications should be taken on an empty stomach.
o Grapefruit juice can increase the effectiveness of the "statin" drugs used
for cholesterol therefore increasing the chances for side effects as well.
Assessing for food allergies
Skin--itching, hives, redness, swelling
Nose--sneezing, stuffy nose, runny nose
Mouth--itching, swelling of lips or tongue
Throat--itching, tightness, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness
Chest--shortness of breath, cough, wheeze, chest pain, tightness
Heart--weak pulse, passing out, shock
04/24/2016
, Study Outline Exam Three: Modules 6, 7 & 8
3
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract--vomiting, diarrhea, cramps
Nervous system--dizziness or fainting
Anaphylaxis
Define Food allergy
Food allergies are adverse reactions to foods or food components triggered by the
body's immune system.
Define Food intolerance: negative reactions to food or food componets, not
triggered by the body's immune system
Lactose intolerance
Gluten intolerance
Sensitivities to food additives such as MSG
Sulfites added to increase crispness or prevent mold growth.
Effects of food on Drug Absorption (p. 412)
Increased drug absorption
1. Nutrients
2. Dissolving characteristics: When a drug does not dissolve rapidly
after it has been taken, the time it remains in the stomach with
food is prolonged. This increased time in the stomach may
increase its effective dissolution and consequent absorption. In
some instances, the drug may not dissolve properly because of
either the drug or gastric pH, and it is excreted, thus decreasing
absorption of the drug.
3. Gastric-emptying time: Delayed emptying of food from the
stomach can have the effect of doling out small portions of a drug,
creating more optimal saturation rates on the absorption sites in
the small intestine.
04/24/2016
1
Module 6
Chapter 18: Drug –Nutrient Interactions
Review the FDA pamphlets provided in the announcements.
Older adults at risk
o Older adults make up 14% of the current population
o By the year 2050, it will be 20% to 22%
o Older adults take more prescription and nonprescription medications than
younger adults
o Likely to be taking drugs for long periods of time for chronic disease
o Drugs are likely to be more toxic
o Respond to drugs with greater variability
o Handle drugs less efficiently
o Nutritional status is more likely to be deficient
o Increased errors in self-care due to mental confusion, illness, and lack of
drug information
o Stimulated or suppressed appetite
o Decreased intestinal absorption
o Increased renal secretion
o Competition or displacement of nutrients for protein carrier sites
Education regarding food allergies
Emergency treatment for severe allergic response
o Epinephrine is the only medication that can reverse the symptoms of
anaphylaxis.
Staying safe
o Strict avoidance of problem foods
o Working with your doctor to develop a Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis
Emergency Care Plan
04/24/2016
,Study Outline Exam Three: Modules 6, 7 & 8
2
o Wearing emergency medical identification (e.g., bracelet, other jewelry) at
all times
o Carrying your medication wherever you go
o Taking your medication at the first sign of a reaction
o Getting to an emergency room for follow-up treatment if you have a
severe reaction
o Resources especially for nurses commonly used in the clinical setting:
Davis's Drug Guide for Nurses
Lippincott's Nursing Drug Guide
Nurses Pocket Drug Guide
Accidental ingestion
o When people have food allergies, they must be prepared to treat an
unintentional exposure. For example, these include:
Wearing a medical alert bracelet or necklace
Carrying an auto-injector device containing epinephrine
(adrenaline)
Seeking medical help immediately
Avoiding
o Alcohol can potentiate the effects of some medications while decreasing
the effects of others; it can also cause bleeding in the intestinal tract when
taken with specific medications
o Medications that help the body retain potassium should not be taken with
potassium rich foods such as white beans or bananas.
o Foods high in fiber can decrease the effects of some medications as well;
those medications should be taken on an empty stomach.
o Grapefruit juice can increase the effectiveness of the "statin" drugs used
for cholesterol therefore increasing the chances for side effects as well.
Assessing for food allergies
Skin--itching, hives, redness, swelling
Nose--sneezing, stuffy nose, runny nose
Mouth--itching, swelling of lips or tongue
Throat--itching, tightness, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness
Chest--shortness of breath, cough, wheeze, chest pain, tightness
Heart--weak pulse, passing out, shock
04/24/2016
, Study Outline Exam Three: Modules 6, 7 & 8
3
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract--vomiting, diarrhea, cramps
Nervous system--dizziness or fainting
Anaphylaxis
Define Food allergy
Food allergies are adverse reactions to foods or food components triggered by the
body's immune system.
Define Food intolerance: negative reactions to food or food componets, not
triggered by the body's immune system
Lactose intolerance
Gluten intolerance
Sensitivities to food additives such as MSG
Sulfites added to increase crispness or prevent mold growth.
Effects of food on Drug Absorption (p. 412)
Increased drug absorption
1. Nutrients
2. Dissolving characteristics: When a drug does not dissolve rapidly
after it has been taken, the time it remains in the stomach with
food is prolonged. This increased time in the stomach may
increase its effective dissolution and consequent absorption. In
some instances, the drug may not dissolve properly because of
either the drug or gastric pH, and it is excreted, thus decreasing
absorption of the drug.
3. Gastric-emptying time: Delayed emptying of food from the
stomach can have the effect of doling out small portions of a drug,
creating more optimal saturation rates on the absorption sites in
the small intestine.
04/24/2016
