CRAT Exam With Complete Solutions

Chronotropic - Answer heart rate Inotropic - Answer force of myocardial contractility Dromotropic - Answer conduction velocity through the AV node Systole - Answer contraction of chamber, blood is being ejected. Pressure rises during systole. Diastole - Answer rest, relaxation of chamber, chamber is allowed to fill. Pressure falls during diastole. Stroke Volume - Answer the amount of blood left ventricle pumps in each beat. (mL/beat) Cardiac output- definition - Answer The amount of blood pumped into the aorta each minute. (units= mL/min) Cardiac output- equation - Answer (HR) X (Stroke Volume) Avg. healthy adult= 4-8 L/min Venous return - Answer amount of blood flowing into the right heart from the systemic ciruclation Blood Pressure- definition - Answer force exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries as the ventricles contract and relax Blood pressure- equation - Answer (cardiac output) X (peripheral resistance) or you could put it another way: (HR)(Stroke Volume)(Peripheral Resistance) An increase in Potassium or decrease in Calcium cause the heart to be ____. - Answer flaccid, limp, dilated, lower HR Excess Calcium can cause the heart to be _____. - Answer spastic contractions. Although about 70% of ventricular filling occurs passively, ______ ______ contributes an additional 10% to 30% of blood flow to ventricular filling. - Answer atrial kick