Pharm phlash cards (Latest update)

Pharm phlash cards (Latest update) Furosemide/Lasix - CLASS:loop diuretic indications: tx. of edema due to CHF hepatic or renal disease HTN actions: inhibits reabsorption of NA and chloride from loop of henle and distal renal tubule. increases water, NaCl, Mg+, H+, Ca+, K+. may have peripheral vasodilatory effects adverse reactions: (CNS) dizziness, headache, insomnia, constipation Pt. teaching: change position slowly (orthostatic hypotension). Eat foods high in K+, or prescribed supplements (as directed). Use sunscreen. Report any unusual bleeding, bruising, sore throat, or SOB. adult dosage: 0-80 mg/daily digoxin/Lanoxin - CLASS:antiarrhythmic agent, inotropic agent/digitalis glycoside indications: treatment CHF, tachyarrhythmia's, a-fib, atrial flutter, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia actions: slows/strengthens force myocardial contraction by prolonging refractory period of AV node and decreasing conduction thru SA node and AV node adverse reactions: headache, nausea, blurred vision, bradycardia. pt. teaching: take meds as directed, report n/v, or anorexia. wear medic alert bracelet, inform HCPs of drug regime. routine follow-up exams will be scheduled adult dosage: PO: 0.125-5 mg daily lisinopril/Vasotec/zestril - antihypertensive agent/angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor Indications: used alone or with other agents in management of HTN. Reduction of death or development of CHF after MI. Slowed progression of left ventricular dysfunction. Actions: ACE inhibitors block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. inhibit renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, reducing amt. of aldosterone in bloodstream. Adverse reactions: headache, nausea, dizziness PT. teaching: report to HCP if chest pains, palpitations, swelling of lips, face, or tongue. may cause drowsiness adult dose: 10-40 mg/daily nitroglycerin/Nitrostat - antianginal agent/nitrate Indications: acute and long-term prophylactic management of angina pectoris. adjunctive tx. chronic CHF Actions: increases coronary blood flow by dilating coronary arteries and improving collateral flow to ischemic regions. produces vasodilation. decreases preload. reduces myocardial oxygen consumption Adverse reactions: dizziness, nausea, headache PT. teaching: avoid concurrent use of alcohol. headache is common side effect. acute anginal attacks: sit down use med, still in pain repeat dose call EMS. store tabs in dark glass container away from body heat. replace q 6 mos. adult dose: SL 0.3-0.6 mg, transdermal/ointment 1-2 inches q 6-8 hrs. patch 0.4-0.8 mg/hr, on 12, off 12. IV 5-20 mcg/min atorvastatin/Lipitor - lipid lowering agent/HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor adjunctive management of hypocholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia. primary prevention of coronary heart disease (MI, stroke, angina, and coronary revascularization) in asymptomatic clients with increased total and LDL cholesterol and decreased HDL cholesterol. inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme responsible for catalyzing an early step in the synthesis of cholesterol. dizziness, headache, nausea avoid drinking 1 quart of grapefruit juice per day during therapy. notify HCP if unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness occurs, especially if accompanied by fever or malaise. avoid pregnancy and breastfeeding PO/10-80 mg daily glargine/Lantus - antidiabetic agent/hormone/pancreatic agent tx. of diabetes mellitus. because of delayed onset (1-2hr.) and prolonged duration, med can't be used in tx. of DKA lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and fat: inhibits hepatic glucose production itching, redness, swelling SC/2-100 units day follow instructions for proper administration techniques. make sure that U-100 syringes are used with 100 unit/mL insulin. onset is from 1-2 hrs. if using prefilled pen, prime with 2 units before dialing dose. recognize S/S of hypo/hyperglycemia and be aware of self-tx. measures if these occur. carry simple sugar or glucose tabs. in case of hypoglycemia. consult with HCP if feeling ill. follow instructions for testing blood glucose. warfarin/Coumadin - anticoagulant/coumarin prophylaxis and tx. of venous thrombosis, PE, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. management of MI and PE. prevention of thrombus formation and embolization after prosthetic valve replacement. interferes with hepatic synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X) nausea, cramps, fever do not eat excessive amts. of food contain vitamin K. use soft toothbrush, floss gently, use electric razor during therapy. report any symptoms of unusual bleeding or bruising, do not drink alcohol or take antiplatelet meds. frequent lab tests done, wear medic alert bracelet. inform HCPs of anticoagulant therapy before lab tests, tx. or surgery. PO, IV/ 2-5 mg daily, adjusted by INR escitalopram/Lexapro - antidepressant/ selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor tx. various forms depression, OCD, social phobias, bulimia, anorexia nervosa, and panic disorder. sarafem: management of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. selectively inhibits reuptake of serotonin from neural synapse. dizziness, headache, nausea. take as directed. may cause drowsiness, dizziness, impaired judgement, blurred vision, and dry mouth. avoid alcohol, CNS depressant drugs, and herbal products such as SAMe, and St. john's wort. may cause decreased libido. report chest discomfort, palpitations, or suicidal thoughts immediately. PO/10-20 mg once daily hydrocodone/acetaminophen - opioid analgesic/opioid agonists/ nonopoid combinations. management of moderate to severe pain binds to opiate receptors in CNS. alters perception of and response to painful stimuli, while producing generalized CNS depression. nausea, headache, blurred vision. take as directed. addition of acetaminophen increases risk of liver and renal damage. ask for analgesic before pain becomes severe, to abort excessive discomfort. may cause drowsiness, dizziness. Avoid concurrent use of alcohol or other CNS depressants with this med. change positions slowly to minimize dizziness. good oral hygiene, sugarless gum for dry mouth. report constipation PO/ 2.5-10 mg hydrocodone in combination with 325-750 mg acetaminophen.