AMCA pct study guide exam (2022/2023) already passed

AMCA pct study guide exam (2022/2023) already passed Ventral front part of body Dorsal back part of body Posterior toward the back part of body Anterior in front of Medial toward the midline Lateral away from the midline Proximal closest to the point of origin Distal away from the point of origin Frontal plane divides the body into front and back portions Transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower portions Normal Anatomic Position (NAP) standing with arms lank and palms forward Supine position lying on back, facing upward Prone position lying on abdomen, facing downward (head may be turned to one side) Lateral recumbent position The patient is lying on their right or left side. Cardi/o heart carcin/o cancerous cephal/o head cerebr/0 cerebrum (largest part of the brain) cyt/o cell dent/i tooth, teeth derm/o skin electr/o electrical activity enter/o intestines (usually the small intestine) fet/o fetus gastr/o stomach hyster/o uterus, womb rhin/o nose sacr/o sacrum thromb/o clotting ur/o urine, urinary tract -al pertaining to -algia pain -dynia pain -ectomy excision, removal -emia blood condition -genic produced by -globin protein -gravida pregnant woman -itis inflammation -oma tumor, mass -osis abnormal condition -pathy disease condition -sis state, condition ante- before, in front of anti- against, opposite brady- abnormally slow dia- through, across end, endo- within, inside epi- upon, above, over hyoer- excessive, above normal hypo- under, below peri- surrounding, around pre- before, in front of sub- under, below -graphy the process of producing a picture or record -metry process of measuring -scopy process of visually examining -stomy surgical opening -tomy process of cutting, incision -tripsy surgical crushing Digoxin (Digitalis) used to treat atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure. It increases the force of the heart's contractions and slows the heart rate. When a patient is taking digoxin they are instructed to take their pulse regularly. Nitroglycerin used for relief of ischemic chest pain in patients with coronary vascular disease and angina. Warfarin extremely useful in the treatment of blood clots. Xylocaine (lidocaine) a local anesthetic as well as a first-line anti-arrhythmic used to treat ventricular arrhythmia ACE Inhibitors used in the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure. They work by lowering the overall resistance in the vascular beds, making it easier for the heart to pump the blood. Arteries carry blood ____ from the heart away from the heart Veins carry blood ____ the heart to the heart Diastole relaxation of the heart when the filling of the atria and ventricles occur Systole contraction of the atria and ventricles and is when the blood that has filled the heart is pumped to the pulmonary system and the systemic system Cardiac Output (CO) person's heart rate x the stroke volume over 1 minute and is expressed in liters per minute cardiac cells unique property Conductivity, automaticity, excitibility, contractiility Contractility ability to contact forcibly when stimulated Automaticity The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own. Conductivity A material's ability to allow heat or electric charges to flow. Excitability ability to receive and respond to electric stimuli Depolorization causes next axon to open, internal charge changes to positive and is same as outside, change in charge produces action potential Repolarization Return of the cell to resting state, caused by reentry of potassium into the cell while sodium exits the cell. Normal heart rate 60-100 bpm Regularity ECG measure the distance between all the R-R waves on the strip and if they are all the same the rhythm is called regular if not the rhythm is called irregular PR interval normal duration 0.12-0.20 seconds QRS complex normal duration 0.06-0.10 seconds Sinus Dysrhythmia (Arrhythmia) four dysrhythmias that are associated with the SA node: Tachycardia, Bradycardia, sinus arrest (the total absence of the p-wave, QRScomplex, and T-wave), sinus dysrhythmia(is the same as sinus rhythm except there is the presence of a patterned irregularity that can be described as slowing the speeding up then slowing again) this will usually happen with the inspiration and exhalation cycle(normal finding in children, athletes, and older patients) Sinus Arrest - SA node doesn't fire -total absence of the p-wave, QRScomplex, and T-wave) Atrial Dysrhythmias abnormal electrical activity that results in stimulation outside the SA node but within the atria What causes Atrial Dysrhythmia increased automaticity, triggered activity, and reentry Increased automaticity the atrial cells spontaneously depolarize and initiate impulses before the SA node can generate its pulse. Triggered activity injured cells sometimes only partially repolarize and this can sometimes lead to repetitive ectopic firing that may lead to atrial or ventricular tachycardia. Reentry occurs when an impulse is delayed along a slow conduction pathway and the impulse is able to remain active long enough to produce another impulse during myocardial repolarization. Asystole Total absence of cardiac activity (Flat line) Hypotrophy condition, in which the muscular wall enlarges to increase the strength of the contraction, usually happens in the ventricles. Dilation condition, in which the muscular wall thins and expands to accommodate more blood, usually happens in the atria ECG lead placement, Lead I Records electrical activity from right arm to left arm ECG lead placement, Lead II Records electrical activity from right arm to left leg ECG lead placement, Lead III Records electrical activity from left arm to left leg ECG lead placement, aVR Records electrical activity away from midpoint between left arm and left leg to left arm (across heart to right shoulder) ECG lead placement, aVL Records electrical activity from midpoint between right arm and left leg to left arm (across heart to left shoulder) ECG lead placement, aVF Records electrical activity from midpoint between right arm and left arm to left leg (across heart toward feet) ECG lead placement, V1 : fourth intercostal space, right of sternum ( also can be known as the breastbone) ECG lead placement, V2 fourth intercostal space, left of sternum ECG lead placement, V3 midway over fourth and fifth intercostal space, halfway between base and sternum ECG lead placement, V4 fifth intercostal space, in line with nipple ECG lead placement, V5 midway between the nipple and midpoint of axilla Axilla armpit ECG lead placement, V6 over intercostal space at axilla midpoint B What is the most accurate method for acquiring heart rate? A. 6X10 method B. 1500 method C. QRS method D. 300, 150, 100, 75, 50 method A As an impulse moves toward a positive electrode it produces what type of deflection? A. Upward B. Downward C. Flat D. Negative D On ECG papers horizontal measurements are used determine what? A. Electrical voltage of the waveforms B. Amplitude of the waveforms C. Cardiac output D. Heart rate A The initiation of the impulse in the SA node and its movement through the atria produce? A. P-wave B. PR interval C. QRS complex D. T-wave C Repolarization of the ventricles is represented by the? A. P-wave B. ORS complex C. T wave D. R wave D Artifact is: A. Produced by chaotic electrical activity found in the heart B. An easier way to interpret rhythms C. Usually consistent across the rhythm strip D. Problematic because it can mimic life-threatening dysrhythmias B Two PVC's in a row are called a? A. Double B. Couplet C. Trigeminal D. Salvo D The heart valve that is situated between the right atrium and the right ventricle is called? A. The pulmonic valve B. The mitral valve C. The aortic valve D. The tricuspid valve B Each small square running horizontally represents: A. 3 seconds B. .04 seconds C. 5mm D. 0.1mv B How many electrodes are used as part of a 12-lead ECG? A. 8 B. 10 C. 12 D. 5 D The third step of analyzing an ECG rhythm is: A. Evaluate the QRS complex B. Determine the heart rate C. Determine the regularity D. Evaluate the P-wave B The PR intervals get progressively longer in: A. 1 st degree AV heart block B. 2 nd degree AV heart block, Type I C. 3 rd degree AV heart block D. Sinus dysrhythmia B A heart rate below 60 is called: A. NSR B. Bradycardia C. Tachycardia D. Fast C 15) Atrial fibrillation has: A. Longer PR intervals B. A regular rhythm C. No P-waves D. No QRS complex C Which patient education process lets you know that the teaching plan is working? A. Planning B. Implementation C. Evaluation D. Documentation D Which of the following actions is helpful in assisting patients with their needs? A. Referring the patient to the internet B. Sending the visiting nurse to assess the patient C. Having the patient personalize information that he or she wants to learn D. Keeping a list of community resources that can further assist the patient A Which of the following is used to mark the ECG paper? A. A stylus B. A marker C. A pen D. An ink jet B If a patient is said to be in asystole, the characteristics would be described as: A. Possible palpitations and a rate of 60 beats per minute B. Rate of O and no pulse C. Rapid rate and loss of consciousness D. Dramatic hypotension and slow thread pulse D Select the method of preparation for the patient that will ensure a successful ECG recording. A. Placing the electrodes in the correct position over the patient's clothing B. Informing the patient that it is normal to be scared and to not worry about breathing. C. Having the patient disrobe and put on a patient gown D. Making sure the patient's legs are not crossed and the arms are resting at each side. C When educating a patient about factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following? A. High BUN B. Dermatitis and sinus infection C. High blood pressure and obesity D. Flatulence C The ECG should be performed in a quiet environment because: A. Wandering baseline is reduced B. It enables the patient to sleep C. Interference is minimized D. Transmission of microorganisms is minimized B When preparing a patient to wear a Holter Monitor, instruct the patient to: A. Wear the monitor in the shower for accurate readings B. Depress the event marker for significant symptoms C. Remove the monitor when exercising D. Remove the monitor from the case at night B When no abnormalities show during a resting ECG, the physician may order an Exercise ECG. Another name for this is: A. Cardiac catheterization B. Stress test C. Holter monitor D. Cardiac monitoring C Which of the following terms refers to the ventricular ectopic discharge at a rapid, regular rate in excess of 100 beats per minute? A. Premature ventricular contraction B. Atrial flutter C. Ventricular tachycardia D. Atrial fibrillation 98.6 F What is the normal body temperature? tympanic membrane What location gives you the most accurate body temperature? tymanic membrane eardrum 60-100 bpm What the normal resting pulse rate in adults? 130-160 bpm What the normal resting pulse rate in infants? 80-120 bpm What the normal resting pulse rate in children? 12-20 rpm What is the normal range for respiratory rate of adults? 30-60 rpm What is the normal range for respiratory rate of infants? 18-30 rpm What is the normal range for respiratory rate of children? 120/80 mmHg What is the normal range for blood pressure for adults? 50/25 mmHg What is the normal range for blood pressure for infants? Automaticity The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own. Contractability the ability to shorten forcibly SA node (sinoatrial node) -pacemaker of the heart -sets the heartbeat rate -located in the right atrium -causes atria to contract AV node (atrioventricular node) on base of RA Receives impulse from SA node and slowly passes the signal to the AV bundle Purkinje fibers fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles, causing them to contract D This cavity contains the heart and lungs, among other organs. a. Orbital b. Nasal c. Cranial d. Thoracic A Located near the back of the body, this body cavity is a continuous internal opening that includes the cranial and spinal cavities. a. Posterior (dorsal) cavity b. Pelvic cavity c. Abdominal cavity d. Transverse plane D This is the scrubbing of instruments with special brushes and detergents to remove blood, mucous, etc. a. Disinfection b. Sterilization c. Distillation d. Sanitization B This is the process that involves a soaking or wiping process and inhibits the activity of disease-causing organisms. a. Treated with antiseptics b. Disinfection c. Sanitizing d. Sterilization D The process used for supplies that would come in contact with internal body tissue or an open wound. It involves the use of heat (steam) and an autoclave. a. Distillation b. Sanitization c. Disinfection d. Sterilization D The patient has a history of cardiovascular disease. Which of the following tests would not be used as a screening procedure? a. ECG b. Blood work c. Chest x-ray d. Colonoscopy C Which plane divides the body into right and left portions? Select one: a. Frontal b. Lateral c. Sagittal d. Transverse D The amount of blood flow to the myocardium is termed: a. Contraction b. Influx c. Stenosis d. Perfusion D Which heart valve is between the left atrium and the left ventricle? a. Right atrioventricular b. Tricuspid c. Aortic semilunar d. Bicuspid D The total amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one minute is known as the: a. Systemic circulation b. Systolic pressure c. Diastolic pressure d. Cardiac output C Which of the following irregularities on an ECG would be considered the most severe? a. A - Fib b. Tachycardia c. V- Fib d. PVC B The technician is placing leads and electrodes on the patient's chest. At which location will lead V4 be placed? Select one: a. Fourth intercostal space at the right sternal border b. Fifth intercostal space in the left midclavicular line c. Lateral to the V4 lead d. Fourth intercostal space at the left sternal border B The horizontal flat line that separates the various waves on the ECG strip represents: Select one: a. An interval b. The baseline c. A segment d. The amplitude D Marks on the ECG tracing caused by another source of activity are: a. Wandering baseline b. Conduction marks c. Asystole d. Artifacts D You are obtaining an ECG using a 10 lead ECG machine. The patient accidentally coughs while the strip is running, causing an artifact on the strip. This can be identified as a: a. Wandering baseline b. Electrical interference c. Voluntary muscle movement d. Somatic tremor