BOC Exam Study Guide Solved 100% Correct

Common causes of sudden cardiac death in high school/college athletes - ANSWER-aortic stenosis cardiomyopathy coronary artery anomalies hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Myocarditis Mouth guards prevent - ANSWER-soft tissue trauma, dental trauma Mouth Guard types - ANSWER-stock- ready to use commercial mouth formed- thermoplastic material "boil and bite" Custom fabricated- molded by dentist or manufacturer Football helmets are inspected by.... every..... years - ANSWER-National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment; 2 years Football Helmet Fitting - ANSWER--tight chin strap to equal distance/tension -no space between cheek and pad -back of helmet covers base of skull -1 to 2 finger width below front edge of helmet from eyebrows -Face mask should be 2 to 3 finger widths from nose -helmet does not slip or rotate when head is moved Football shoulder pad fitting - ANSWER--Axillary straps and breastplate laces are tightened for snug fit -adequate space on neck collar- should be able to raise arms without impinging -Internal foam padding covers AC joint -Pads cover clavicle, AC joint and GH joint -Shoulder cups cover deltoids -Breast plate covers sternum -Back plate covers scapulae Protective brace types - ANSWER-prophylactic- preventing rehabilitative- following surgery during rehab Functional- protection after injury/surgery Types of foot braces - ANSWER-orthotics, plantar fasciitis night splint Types of ankle braces - ANSWER-Lace up, semi rigid Types of low leg braces - ANSWER-neoprene sleeve Types of knee braces - ANSWER-hinged brace (DonJoy) rotary instability brace Types of thigh braces - ANSWER-neoprene sleeve Types of shoulder braces - ANSWER-GH instability Types of elbow brace - ANSWER-hinge brace Types of wrist braces - ANSWER-semi-rigid Types of finger braces - ANSWER-splint neoprene buddy strap Types of foam - ANSWER-open cell- deforms quickly and provides minimal shock absorption Closed cell- rebounds and returns to original shape Types of pads - ANSWER-friction- doughnut pads soft pad- bony prominence Hard shell pad- muscular contusion pad Wet Bulb Globe Temperature - ANSWER-readings of dry bulb (ambient), wet bulb (humidity), globe (radiation) (0.1 x DBT) + (0.7 x WBT) + (0.2 x GT) Types of heat illnesses - ANSWER-dehydration heat syncope heat cramps heat exhaustion exertional heat stroke extensional hyponatremia Prevention of heat illness - ANSWER--availability of medical care -EAPs -protocol for modification of activity for heat/humidity readings -educate athletes on proper hydration and fluid intake -schedule practices to avoid hottest time of day -allow appropriate acclimatization -assess weight before and after practice -monitor heat before/during practices and games -cooling methods available on site -checking hydration levels using weight charts, urine color, specific gravity Types of cold illnesses - ANSWER-hypothermia frost nip chilblains superficial frost bite deep frostbite Prevention of cold illnesses - ANSWER--appropriate clothing -dress in layers -engage in good warm up -push hydration -avoid outdoor activity if temp is too low Lightning monitoring - ANSWER-Flash to bang- seconds from lightning to thunder then divide by 5 for miles 30-30 rule- 30s or less for flash to bang, go inside then 30 minutes from last thunder or lightening to return to activity use weather apps and radars Sunburn prevention - ANSWER--apply sunscreen 30 minutes before exposure -reapply every 2 hours -avoid times that are high risk -appropriate skin and head cover for sun exposure When covering a cast in football... - ANSWER-use 1/2 in thick high-density, closed-cell foam Heat exhaustion - ANSWER-dizzy, headache, profuse sweating, rapid and shallow breathing, cool and clammy skin, body temp normal or slightly higher, rapid and weak pulse -take out of activity into shade, push fluids, ensure it doesn't escalate Heat stroke - ANSWER-disoriented, unconscious, no sweat in later stages, shallow breathing, hot and dry skin, body temp increased, rapid and strong pulse -take rectal temp, submerge in cold water until under 104 then transport *Label shoulder joint* - ANSWER- Label the knee - ANSWER-*add on Gurdy's Tubercle, Pes Anserine *Label elbow joint* - ANSWER- Label the skull - ANSWER- Types of shock - ANSWER-anaphylactic- allergic cariogenic- heart can't pump blood hemorrhagic- loss of blood due to bleeding hypovolemic- loss of blood/plasma due to injury/illness metabolic- loss of body fluid due to illness neurogenic- blood vessels dilate respiratory- lungs unable to supply o2 to blood septic- blood vessels dilate due to infection Management of shock - ANSWER-Activate EMS -maintain open airways -control any external bleeding -lay patient supine with legs above heart level -no food or drink -monitor vitals Hyperglycemia and Diabetic coma - ANSWER-1. Too little insulin 2. Caused by too much sugar, not taking medications, stress, or infection 3. Symptoms occur more slowly 4. Drowsiness, confusion, deep rapid breathing, polydipsia (increased thirst), polyuria (Increased urination), polyphagia (Increased hunger) dehydration, fever, dry flushed skin, sweet/fruity odor to breath 5. Activate EMS, give fluids, keep warm Hypoglycemia and insulin shock - ANSWER-activate EMS -measure blood glucose -administer glucose orally if conscious Seizure treatments - ANSWER-activate EMS, place patient on floor, loosen restrictive clothing, protect from injury but do not restrict, monitor vital signs, transport FDA is in charge of - ANSWER-general safety standards approves and removes products from marketplace 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act - ANSWER-established official references for approved drugs (US Pharmacopia or National Formulary) required minimal quality, purity, and strength standards 1938 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act - ANSWER-required manufacturers to furnish Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with proof of the drug's safety in humans for all drugs entering interstate commerce and to submit a new drug application for approval by FDA. established drug warning labels 1970 Controlled Substances Act - ANSWER-classifies five levels of drugs that have potential for abuse and restricts their distribution. established DEA 1988 Anti-Drug Abuse Act - ANSWER-reclassified anabolic steroids as controlled substances (schedule III) 1990 Nutrition Labeling and Education Act - ANSWER-this act covers food items and their labeling; vitamins, minerals, or other nutrients are on the label and in some cases are highlighted 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act - ANSWER-weakened FDA enforcement of supplements, established definitions, limits claims manufacturers can make about product Requirements for prescriptions - ANSWER-name, pharmacy address and phone number date of filled prescription, dose information and directions for use, warnings, refills Documentation for prescriptions - ANSWER-patient name, date, drug name, dosage, signature of administering professional Brand name - ANSWER-aka trade name given by manufacturer ex. Motrin Generic name - ANSWER-shorter than chemical name ex. ibuprofen Chemical Name - ANSWER-drug name with chemical structure very long name listing all chemical components Generic drug - ANSWER-produced after initial manufacturer's patent expired may be produced under generic or brand name First pass effect - ANSWER-drugs absorbed in small intestine will be transported to liver before going to body -liver may metabolize some of the drug first -liver can render drug inactive -drugs with high first-pass require higher dosage 5 Steps to pharmokinetics - ANSWER-administration absorption distribution metabolism excretion Routes for administration medications - ANSWER-oral sublingual rectal parenteral intravenous intramuscular inhalation topical transdermal Half life of medication - ANSWER-the amount of time it takes for half of the drug to be eliminated. Liver and kidney disease, aging, absence of food, and slowed metabolic rate prolong half-life because of their effects on metabolism and excretion. higher Half lives involve higher doses Clearance of drug - ANSWER-ability of body to get rid of drug increased clearance means decreased half life Bioavalibility - ANSWER-ease of drug being absorbed and reaching systemic circulation Bioequivalence - ANSWER-comparison of two similar drugs generic products are equivalent to brand products Agonist drug - ANSWER-enhances or stimulates receptors mimics effects of endogenous compounds Antagonist drug - ANSWER-occupies receptor blocks the effects of endogenous compounds two types: competitive, noncompetitive Psychological health - ANSWER-cognitive function that allows for adaptations emotional expressions stress-coping strategies dealing with adversity and success self-esteem - ANSWER-valuing, respecting and accepting yourself self pride can be negative or positive caused by internal and external factors General Adaptation Syndrome - ANSWER-The body's response to stress that begins with an alarm response, followed by a stage of reaction and resistance, and then recovery or, if the stress is prolonged, exhaustion. stress raises levels of homeostasis