C.A.L.T Exam Study Guide Latest 2022 Rated A

C.A.L.T Exam Study Guide Latest 2022 Rated A Alexia The loss of the ability to read, as the result of a brain injury. Apasia Impairs the ability to speak and understand others. Articulation The act or manner of producing sounds. Echolalia Imitation of the mother's sounds, rhythm and tone. Hyperlexia The superior ability to reads words without comprehension. Lexicon An inventory of word knowledge, either spoken or written. EX: dictionary, encyclopedia Otitis Media Inflammation of the middle ear that can lead to temporary conductive hearing loss or permanent hearing loss. Receptive Language Disorder The inability to understand or comprehend language heard or read. Expressive Language Disorder The inability to put thoughts into words or sentences in ways that make sense and is grammatically correct. Phonology Smallest unit of sound. The sounds of letters. Ex: Cat=3 phonemes (c) (a) (t). Syntax The grammar system of language. The way words are strung together. Ex: words and punctuation to form sentences, clauses or phrases. Semantics Word meaning in language. Ex: final destination = last stop Discourse Written or spoken communication or debate. Ex: Formal writing, a speech. Morphology The smallest unit of language that convey meaning. Ex: Root words Pragmatics Incapable of understanding the speakers intent (requests and tones) Ex: Can't you turn down the T.V.? = means no; not yes. Alphabetic Language A language in which letters are used systematically to represent speech sounds. Alphabetic Principle The use of letters and letter clusters to represent phonemes in an orthography. (spelling) Anglo Saxon The language of the Germanic peoples (Angles, Saxons and Jutes) who settles in Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries. It was the dominant language in Britain until the Norman Conquest in 1066. Analytic Instruction Instruction that separates the whole into its parts to reveal its relationships. (Whole to Part) (Top Down) (Concept driven) Analytic Phonics Students hear the whole word and segment into phonemes or sounds in order to spell. (whole to part) Ex: Pit = (p) (i) (t) Antonyms Words that are opposite in meaning. (semantics) Arbitrary Learning New learning that has no logical connection to already acquired knowledge or practical relationships. Auditory relating to or experienced through hearing. Visual Acuity Sharpness of vision, measured by the ability to discern letters or numbers at a given distance according to a fixed standard. EX: 20/20 vision Bottom-up Process Theoretical view of reading as a process that consists of accurate sequential reading of every word. Comprehension is viewed as text driven rather than concept driven. (Part to whole) (Start from the bottom) Concept Driven Process Theoretical view of reading as a process that consists of using one's experiences and expectations to react to text. Also called top-down process. (Whole to part) Cooperative Learning Instructional approach in which students work together rather than compete to solve a problem or complete a task.Ex: group work or PBL Corrective Feedback Teacher responses during and following practice of a skill that is sensitive to a student's level and that guides him or her closer to mastery. Cumulative Having a new learning that is based upon previously learned elements. Ex: Building knowledge as we go. Diagnostic Teaching Teaching that uses observation and formal and informal assessments to measure student progress against expected performance standards. Systematic, guided diagnoses of academic barriers. (Prescriptive teaching) Direct Instruction Instruction that is delivered without vagueness or ambiguity, leaving no question as to the meaning. (Explicit Instruction