Summary Complete BOC Study Guide

Arnheim’s Principles of Athletic Training
Chapter 1 – The Athletic Trainer and the Sports Medicine Team
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
Early History
Late 19th century – establishment of intercollegiate and interscholastic athletes in the United States
No technical training, gave “rub downs”
Evolution of the Contemporary Athletic Trainer
Began to play a larger role in healthcare following WWI with the appearance of the AT in collegiate athletics
oDr. S.E. Bilik – physician who wrote The Trainer’s Bible in 1917
1920s – Cramer family started a chemical company; began publication of First Aider in 1932
1930s – first attempt of National Athletic Trainers’ Association (1938-1944, dissolved during WWII)
1950: Kansas City, Missouri – National Athletic Trainers’ Association was formed
oPrimary purpose: establish professional standards for the athletic trainer
Work settings: schools, professional sports, hospitals/clinics, industrial settings, military, physician extenders,
medical equipment sales and support, and NASA and NASCAR
SPORTS MEDICINE AND ATHLETIC TRAINING
The Field of Sports Medicine
Sports medicine: 1) performance enhancement [ex. phys, biomechanics, sport psych, nutrition, S&C]
2) injury care & management [athletic training, sport PT, sport massage therapy, dentistry, orthotists, chiro.]
Growth of Professional Sports Medicine Organizations
Professional organization goals:
oTo upgrade the field by devising and maintaining a set of professional standards (code of ethics)
oTo bring together professionally competent individuals to exchange ideas, stimulate research, and
promote critical thinking
oTo give individuals an opportunity to work as a group with singleness of purpose, thereby making it
possible for them to achieve objective that, separately, they could not accomplish
International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) : created in 1928 at the Winter Olympics by doctors
American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP): founded in 1947 to promote and maintain high quality
standards for family doctors who are providing continuing comprehensive medical care to the public
National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA): 1950, publishes The Journal of Athletic Training
American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM): 1954, membership composed of doctors, philosophers,
physical educators, athletic trainers, coaches, exercise physiologists, biomechanists, etc. Medicine and Science in
Sports and Exercise (published worldwide)
American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM): created in 1972 to encourage and support
scientific research in orthopedic sports medicine; members are orthopedic surgeons and allied health professionals
involved in sports medicine; American Journal of Sports Medicine
National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA): 1978; offers the Certified Strength and Conditioning
Specialist (CSCS) and the NSCA Certified Personal Trainer (NSCA-CPT)
American Academy of Pediatrics, Sports Committee: 1979 – educate about special needs of kids in sport
American Physical Therapy Association, Sports PT Section: Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports PT
NCAA Committee on Competitive Safeguards and Medical Aspects of Sports
National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM): offers Certified Personal Trainer and Performance
Enhancement Specialist
THE SPORTS MEDICINE TEAM
1) THE ATHLETIC TRAINER
Roles and Responsibilities of the Athletic Trainer
2004 – BOC completed the latest role delineation study, which defined the profession of athletic training
Performance Domains:
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oPrevention
oClinical evaluation and diagnosis
oImmediate care
oTreatment, rehabilitation and reconditioning
oOrganization and administration
oProfessional responsibility
Educational Competencies
o1997 – NATA Education Council founded – determined competencies that should be taught in accredited
athletic training programs
oRisk management
oPathology of injuries and illnesses
oOrthopedic assessment and evaluation
oAcute care of injury and illness
oPharmacology
oTherapeutic modalities
oTherapeutic exerciseoMedical conditions and disabilities
oNutritional aspects of injuries and
illnesses
oPsychosocial intervention and referral
oHealth care administration
oProfessional development and
responsibilities
Risk Management
oDeveloping training and conditioning programs (or make recommendations to strength coach)
oEnsuring a safe playing environment (hazardous objects, weather conditions)
oSelecting, fitting, and maintaining protective equipment
oExplaining the importance of nutrition
oUsing medications appropriately (proper administration, drug testing)
Clinical Evaluation and Diagnosis
oConducting physical examinations (PPEs, injury evaluation (on-field & off-field)
oUnderstanding the pathology of injury and illness
oReferring to medical care
oReferring to support services
Immediate Care of Injury and Illness
oCertified in CPR/First Aid, knowledgeable in emergency care procedures
Treatment, Rehabilitation, and Reconditioning
oDesigning a rehabilitation program
oSupervising rehabilitation programs
oIncorporating therapeutic modalities
oOffering psychosocial intervention
Organization and Administration
oRecord keeping
oOrdering equipment and supplies
oSupervising personnel
oEstablishing policies for the operation of an athletic training program
Professional Responsibilities
oEducator, promoting the profession, counselor, researcher
Personal Qualities of the Athletic Trainer
Stamina and ability to adapt, empathy, sense of humor, communication, intellectual curiosity, ethical practice,
professional memberships
RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE TEAM PHYSICIAN
The Physician and the Athletic Trainer
Compiling medical histories, diagnosing injury, deciding on disqualification and return to play, attending
practices and games, commitment to sports and the athlete, academic program medical director
RESPONSIBLITIES OF THE COACH
To understand the limits of their ability to function as a health care provider
Be certified in CPR/first aid
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Have understanding of the skill techniques and environmental factors that may affect the athlete (i.e. throwing
biomechanics)
RECOGNITION AND ACCREDITATION OF THE ATHLETIC TRAINER AS A ALLIED HEALTH
PROFESSIONAL
June 1990 – American Medical Association officially recognized athletic training as an allied health profession
oCommittee on Allied Health Education and Accreditation (CAHEA) – responsible for accrediting entry-
level athletic training programs
oJune 1994 – Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) – til 2005
o2006 - JRC-AT (Joint Review Committee on Athletic Training) changed its name to Committee for
Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE)
REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFICATION AS AN ATHLETIC TRAINER
Certification exam by the BOC (2006 – changed to computer-based)
oBOC created in 1989 – administers exam and establishes continuing education requirements
Minimum of 80 CEUs every 3-year recertification term (also CPR recertification)
oPass = credential of ATC
oCandidacy for exam: 1) complete accredited athletic training education program; 2) proof of graduation;
3)endorsement by CAATE Accredited Program Director; 4) proof of certification in CPR
STATE REGULATION OF THE ATHLETIC TRAINER
Licensure – limits athletic training to those who have met minimal requirements established by state board
State certification
Registration – paid a fee for being placed on an existing list of practitioners
Exemption – state realizes that athletic trainers perform functions similar to those of other licensed professions
Chapter 2 – Health Care Administration in Athletic Training
ESTABLISHING A SYSTEM FOR ATHLETIC TRAINING HEALTH CARE
Developing a Strategic Plan
Strategic planning: involves critical self-examination to bring about organization improvement
oWhy is there a need for such a program and what should the function of the program be within the total
scope of the athletics program? (answer by administrators, athletic directors, or school boards)
oTo determine whether the program is consistent with the overall mission of the institution/organization
oHelps build support for the program (include many people in the planning process)
oShould be a tool for improvement, helping to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the program and
transforming it positively
Vision statement: a concise statement that describes the ideal state to which an organization aspires
oThe provider of the service
oThe actual services to be provided
oTarget clients
oQuality declaration that identifies aspirations for how audiences will receive the program
Mission statement: a written expression of an organization’s philosophy, purposes & characteristics
oFunctions: 1) help the AT direct resources toward accomplishing specific tasks; 2) should inspire ATs to
do a good job; 3) should be action oriented and should stimulate a change in behavior
oThe particular services to be offered, the primary market for those services, and the technology to be used
in delivery of those services
oThe goals of the program
oThe philosophy of the program & the code of behavior that applies to its organization
oThe “self-concept” of the program based on evaluation of strengths & weaknesses
oThe desired program image based on feedback from internal and external stakeholders
Accreditation: formal recognition indicating that a program meets certain prescribed quality standards
oJCAHO: Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
oCARF: Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities
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WOTS UP analysis: a data collection and appraisal technique designed to determine an organization’s
“weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and strengths underlying planning”
Developing a Policies and Procedures Manual
Operational planning: defines organization activities in the short term, usually no longer than 2 years
Policies: expresses an organization’s intended behavior relative to a specific program subfunction
oNot intended to answer detailed questions; intended as road maps (basic rules and principles)
Processes: a collection of steps designed to direct the most important tasks of an organization
oi.e. injury prevention, injury rehabilitation, injury recognition, organization & administration, etc.
Procedures: provides specific directions for members of an organization to follow
oi.e. procedure for discharge from rehabilitation
Practices: the action that takes place in response to administrative problems
oi.e. procedure written that states all machines should be calibrated once a year
opractices= which vendor? What time of year? Scheduling?
PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique): a method of graphically depicting the time line for and
interrelationships of different stages of a program
Gannt charts: a graphic planning and control technique that maps discrete tasks on a calendar
Agreement-trust matrix:
high
Agreement
low Trust high
ATHLETIC TRAINING PROGRAM OPERATIONS
The Scope of the Athletic Training Program
Athlete: prevention and care for entire year, or just competitive season? All illnesses, or only musculoskeletal?
Institution: are other persons to receive care? How should they be referred? Clinical setting for students?
Community: will any outside groups be served by AT staff? (Take legality and insurance into consideration)
Clinical and Corporate/Industrial Setting Considerations : should only be assigned to work with those
physically active; often expected to oversee preventative and rehabilitation programs (additional education)
Providing Coverage
Facility Personnel Coverage : time of coverage depends on number of staff
Sports Coverage: may be forced to decide where greatest need of coverage is (i.e. high school)
Hygiene and Sanitation
AT must be aware of OSHA guidelines (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
The Athletic Training Facility:
oNo cleated shoes or game equipment
oKeep shoes off of treatment tables
oAthletes should shower before receiving treatment
oRoughhousing and profanity should not be allowed
oNo food or smokeless tobacco should be allowed
The Gymnasium:
oFacilities cleanliness (floors swept, bathrooms disinfected, lockers sanitized, mats cleaned
o Equipment and clothing (fitted clothing, no swapping, clothing
laundered & changed frequently, wet clothing allowed to dry,
proper shoe fit, protective clothing during inclement weather,
clean & dry towels)
The Athlete:
oMedically cleared to participate? Insurance?
oPrompt reporting of injuries, illness, and skin disorders?
oProper habits of sleeping, resting, and nutrition?
oAvoid using a common towel or drinking from a common water dispenser?
Emergency Telephones
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