Nurs 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm (101 Questions+Answers)

Nurs 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm (101 Questions+Answers) Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm • Question 1 The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells? • Question 2 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional states that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process? • Question 3 1 out of 1 points What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging? • Question 4 0 out of 1 points People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition because of which genetic principle? • Question 5 0 out of 1 points When endothelial cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis? • Question 6 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional cares for older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should the professional assess for in these individuals related to cardiovascular functioning? • Question 7 0 out of 1 points What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel? What are tumor cell markers? • Question 9 0 out of 1 points Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural killer (NK) cells actively attack? • Question 10 1 out of 1 points Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion, as well as decreases the release of gastrin? • Question 11 What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? 1 out of 1 points • Question 12 1 out of 1 points A professor has taught the students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. What statement by a student indicates the professor should review this material? • Question 13 1 out of 1 points Surfactant produced by type II alveolar cells facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by which mechanism? • Question 14 1 out of 1 points A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with a gunshot wound to the chest. The healthcare professional assesses an abnormality involving a pleural rupture that acts as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape by closing during expiration. What action by the healthcare professional is the priority? • Question 15 1 out of 1 points What is the only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area called? • Question 16 1 out of 1 points A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the healthcare professional is best? • Question 17 1 out of 1 points A patient has been diagnosed with a renal stone. Based on knowledge of common stone types, what self-care measure does the healthcare professional plan to teach the patient when stone analysis has returned? • Question 18 1 out of 1 points Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct? • Question 19 1 out of 1 points The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because of what reason? • Question 20 What is one function of the tumor cell marker? 1 out of 1 points • Question 21 1 out of 1 points When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS), which condition is associated with only DKA? • Question 22 Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone? 1 out of 1 points • Question 23 0 out of 1 points The student wants information about a patient's renal function. What test does the healthcare professional tell the student to evaluate? • Question 24 What is the most important cause of pulmonary artery constriction? 1 out of 1 points • Question 25 0 out of 1 points In teaching a women's community group, which risk factor does the healthcare professional teach is related to high morbidity of cancer of the colon, uterus, and kidney? • Question 26 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does theprofessional assess for pulmonary emboli (PE) as thepriority? • Question 27 0 out of 1 points What is thesecond most commonly recognized genetic cause of intellectual disability? • Question 28 1 out of 1 points A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and truncal obesity. thehealthcare professional assesses theperson for which of these? • Question 29 What is thecause of functional dysphagia? 1 out of 1 points Answer: • Question 30 1 out of 1 points What effect is a result of inhibiting theparasympathetic nervous system with a drug such as atropine? • Question 31 1 out of 1 points Renal failure is themost common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism? • Question 32 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional wants to determine theadequacy of a person's alveolar ventilation. What assessment finding is most important for theprofessional to consider? Ventilatory pattern is regular and rhythmic. • Question 33 0 out of 1 points The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is produced by thehypothalamus being affected by what? Bacterial endotoxin • Question 34 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does theprofessional assess for neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)? Anterior pituitary tumor • Question 35 0 out of 1 points Within a physiologic range, what does an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) result in? Decrease in repolarization • Question 36 0 out of 1 points Which patient would thehealthcare professional assess for elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion? Has long-standing kidney disease from diabetes • Question 37 1 out of 1 points A student asks why some vaccinations are given orally and some are given by injection. What response by theprofessor is best? Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte-containing tissue, resulting in different types of cellular and humoral immunity. • Question 38 1 out of 1 points The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location? Atri a • Question 39 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient should theprofessional assess for hyperkalemia? Renal failure • Question 40 What is therole of thenormal intestinal bacterial flora? 1 out of 1 points Metabolizing bile salts, estrogens, and lipids • Question 41 0 out of 1 points A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has thefollowing laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum potassium (K +) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na +) 130 mEq/L. thepatient reports that he has been sick with theflu for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency? Increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss, and metabolic alkalosis. • Question 42 0 out of 1 points A student asks theprofessor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What response by theprofessor is best? Decreased hormonal secretion is a response to rising hormone levels. • Question 43 0 out of 1 points A healthcare provider notes that tapping thepatient's facial nerve leads to lip twitching. What electrolyte value is correlated with this finding? Ca ++: 12.9 mg/dL • Question 44 1 out of 1 points A patient is having a spirometry measurement done and asks thehealthcare professional to explain this test. What response by theprofessional is best? To measure thevolume and flow rate during forced expiration • Question 45 1 out of 1 points Which characteristic is themost important determinant of immunogenicity when considering theantigen? Foreignne ss • Question 46 Which renal change is found in older adults? 1 out of 1 points Decrease in thenumber of nephrons • Question 47 0 out of 1 points If a patient develops acidosis, thenurse would expect theoxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to react in which manner? Show dramatic fluctuation, allowing theO 2 concentration to increase • Question 48 Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for thecell? 1 out of 1 points Glycolys is • Question 49 1 out of 1 points A patient suffered multiple traumatic injuries and received many blood transfusions within a few days of theinjuries. For which medical condition should thehealthcare professional monitor thepatient for? Hemosidero sis • Question 50 0 out of 1 points The student asks theprofessor to explain what characteristic is demonstrated by lungs with decreased compliance? Inability to diffuse oxygen • Question 51 What is one function of thetumor cell marker? 1 out of 1 points To screen individuals at high risk for cancer • Question 52 0 out of 1 points Vaccinations are able to provide protection against certain microorganisms because of what? Selected Rapid response from Answer: IgA • Question 53 1 out of 1 points A student asks thehealthcare professional to describe exotoxins. Which statement by theprofessional is best? Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth. • Question 54 0 out of 1 points A class of students has learned about contributing factors to duodenal ulcers. What statement indicates to theprofessor that thestudents need a review? Duodenal ulcers occur with greater frequency than other types of peptic ulcers. • Question 55 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a delay in electrical activity reaching theventricle as seen on ECG. What ECG finding would thehealthcare professional associate with this problem? A prolonged ST interval • Question 56 How do free radicals cause cell damage? 1 out of 1 points Giving up an electron, which causes injury to thechemical bonds of thecell membrane • Question 57 What causes theedema that occurs during theinflammatory process? 1 out of 1 points Increased capillary permeability • Question 58 A student learns what information about acute pancreatitis? 0 out of 1 points Autoimmune process with IgG attacking pancreatic acinar cells • Question 59 1 out of 1 points A student asks why carbon monoxide causes tissue damage. What response by theprofessor is best? Binds to hemoglobin so that it cannot carry oxygen • Question 60 0 out of 1 points The healthcare professional working with older adults teaches general infection- prevention measures as a priority for this age group due to which change in lymphocyte function? Decreased number of circulating T cells • Question 61 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures. What disorder would theprofessional assess thepatient for? Mitral regurgitation • Question 62 Why is leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injuries significant? 1 out of 1 points Enzymatic digestion of thenucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis. • Question 63 0 out of 1 points A patient has diabetes mellitus. A recent urinalysis showed increased amounts of protein. What therapy does thehealthcare provider educate thepatient that is specific to this disorder? More frequent blood glucose monitoring • Question 64 0 out of 1 points A student asks theprofessor to explain what effect natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when theheart dilates. Which response by theprofessor is best? Inhibits antidiuretic hormones • Question 65 0 out of 1 points Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to theantigen or after immunization against theantigen? Passive-acquired immunity • Question 66 1 out of 1 points A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids. What lab value does thehealthcare professional correlate to this behavior? Phosphate 1.9 mg/dL • Question 67 1 out of 1 points A student asks thehealthcare professional to explain thefunction of thepapillary muscles. What response by theprofessional is best? These muscles prevent backward expulsion of theatrioventricular valves. • Question 68 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is assessing a child whose parents report poor grades in school, trouble paying attention, and naughty behaviors that have become so frequent thechild is always in trouble. For which health condition should theprofessional facilitate testing? Lead poisoning • Question 69 The pathophysiologic process of edema is related to which mechanism? 1 out of 1 points Lymphatic obstruction • Question 70 0 out of 1 points During thecardiac cycle, why do theaortic and pulmonic valves close after theventricles relax? Chordae tendineae contract, which pulls thevalves closed. • Question 71 0 out of 1 points A patient's urinalysis came back positive for glucose. What does thehealthcare professional expect thepatient's blood glucose to be at a minimum? 150 mg/dL • Question 72 0 out of 1 points The student asks thehealthcare professional to explain how pulmonary edema and pulmonary fibrosis cause hypoxemia. What description by theprofessional is best? Creates alveolar dead space • Question 73 What does vomiting-induced metabolic alkalosis cause? 0 out of 1 points Hypoventilation to compensate for themetabolic alkalosis • Question 74 1 out of 1 points What pathologic change occurs to thekidney's glomeruli as a result of hypertension? Ischemia of thetubule • Question 75 1 out of 1 points A patient has a peptic ulcer related to h. pylori bacteria. What treatment does the healthcare professional educate thepatient on? Antibiotic therapy • Question 76 1 out of 1 points A patient is in severe shock and is receiving vasopressin. A student asks thehealth care professional to explain therationale for this treatment. What response by theprofessional is most accurate? Antidiuretic hormone causes vasoconstriction to help increase blood pressure. • Question 77 What is apoptosis? 1 out of 1 points Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive • Question 78 1 out of 1 points Free radicals play a major role in theinitiation and progression of which diseases? Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease • Question 79 1 out of 1 points An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident? • Question 80 1 out of 1 points A patient had a thyroidectomy and now reports tingling around themouth and has a positive Chvostek sign. What laboratory finding would be most helpful to thehealthcare professional? • Question 81 0 out of 1 points A patient's chart indicates Kussmaul respirations. thestudent asks thehealthcare professional what this is caused by. What response by theprofessional is most accurate? • Question 82 1 out of 1 points A pregnant woman has Graves disease. What test/s does thehealthcare professional advise thewoman about? • Question 83 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is assessing a child who has complete trisomy of thetwenty- first chromosome. What findings does theprofessional relate to this condition? • Question 84 Where is two thirds of thebody's water found? 1 out of 1 points • Question 85 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is working with a person who drinks several 6-packs of beer a week. What testing does theprofessional encourage theperson to get? • Question 86 1 out of 1 points After a partial gastrectomy, gastric bypass, or pyloroplasty, clinical manifestations that include increased pulse, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness are theresults of which mechanism? • Question 87 0 out of 1 points A patient has portal hypertension-induced splenomegaly. Which lab value would the healthcare professional associate with this condition? • Question 88 Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel? 1 out of 1 points • Question 89 0 out of 1 points A student studying biology asks the professor to describe how the ras gene is involved in cancer proliferation. What explanation by the professor is best? • Question 90 0 out of 1 points What is the blood type of a person who is heterozygous, having A and B alleles as codominant? • Question 91 0 out of 1 points The healthcare professional explains to a student that the amount of volume of blood in the heart is directly related to the of contraction. • Question 92 Which statement is true about phagocytosis? 1 out of 1 points • Question 93 Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response? 1 out of 1 points • Question 94 0 out of 1 points A professor has taught a student about skeletal alterations seen in chronic kidney disease. Which statement by the student indicates the professor needs to give more information? • Question 95 1 out of 1 points A patient reports dumping syndrome after a partial gastrectomy. What does the healthcare professional teach this patient? • Question 96 1 out of 1 points What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles are filled with blood? Increased pressure in the ventricles pushes the valves to close. • Question 97 1 out of 1 points A student asks the professor to differentiate Type 2 diabetes mellitus from Type 1. The professors' response would be that Type 2 is best described as what? • Question 98 1 out of 1 points What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps? • Question 99 1 out of 1 points What is the major determinant of the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the systemic circulation? • Question 100 0 out of 1 points A patient has been admitted for a possible small intestinal obstruction. What is the first sign the healthcare professional assesses for that would indicate the presence of this condition? • Question 101 0 out of 0 points When completing this exam, did you comply with Walden University's Code of Conduct including the expectations for academic integrity?