CEA FINAL EXAM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g0l9l3
1. Microcytic Ane- MCV <80, MCHC <33
mia Iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia, lead poisoning, sideroblastic anemia, cop-
per deficiency
2. Iron Deficiency Microcytic, MCV <80, MCHC <33, blood loss (ulcers, lesions, malignancy, menor-
Anemia rhagia) or malabsorption (gastric resection, celiac disease, inflammatory disor-
ders)
Ferritin low, TIBC high, RDW high
Tx: Ferrous sulf or gluc, vit c
peripheral smear, CBC, iron studies
3. Lead Poisoning Microcytic. Chelation w/ some BLL >80 and all BLL >100 mcg/dL
Lead binds to proteins leading to impaired heme synthesis and increased rate of
RBC destruction. Can cause organ dysfunction and nerve damage.
4. Thalassemia microcytic, "mouth of Mediterranean," genetic mutation, hemochromatosis
tx: gel electrophoresis, normal RDW ( deciphers between IDA (RDW high).
5. Normocytic Ane- MCV 80-100, MCHC 33-37
mia Acute blood loss, chronic disease (cancer, autoimmune, ESRD, CKD), DIC, Aplastic
Anemia
6. Aplastic Anemia Normocytic, pancytopenia, bone marrow biopsy and peripheral smear, bone mar-
row suppression, bone marrow transplant, antibiotics, RBC, WBC, PLT transfusion,
can transform into leukemia
7. Macrocytic Ane- MCV >100, MCHC normal or high, Pernicious anemia (B12 def), MDS, mega-
mia loblastic- folate/B12 deficiency, ETOH, malabsorption
8. Pernicious Ane- Macrocytic. Autoimmune attack on stomach's intrinsic factor hindering B12 ab-
mia sorption. B12/folate, MMA (methylmalonic acid), peripheral smear, retic count,
autoantibodies to IF.
, CEA FINAL EXAM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g0l9l3
9. RDW Red Cell Distribution Width, 11.6-14.4%, the variation in size of RBCs, increased
RDW means increase in immature RBCS made by bone marrow which increases
the variability of size of the RBCs. Immature RBCs (reticulocytes) have nucleus still
and larger.
10. Myelodysplastic -Extremely macrocytic, pancytopenia, dysplasia >10% of cells
Syndrome
-idiopathic, cytotoxic chemo and/or radiation, environmental toxins, can develop
AML (acute myeloid leukemia), 70 years old and males
-peripheral smear with blasts (immature WBCs), bone marrow biopsy (immuno-
cytochemistry and flow cytometry)
-sx: fatigue, infections, cytopenias
-tx: obs, chemo, allogenic hematopoietic cell transplant.
11. Thrombocytope- <150,000, CBC, peripheral smear, HIV, HCV, PLT transfusions, glucocorticoids,
nia IVIG, splenectomy.
pregnancy, chronic liver disease, hypersplenism, ITP, meds, alcohol, malignancy,
autoimmune bone marrow disorders
12. Disseminated In- thrombocytopenia, prolonged PT, aPTT, low plasma fibrinogen, high D-dimer
travascular Coag- Causes: sepsis, malignancy, trauma, OB complications, and intravascular hemol-
ulation ysis
Check CBC, peripheral smear, PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, d-dimer
Overactivation of coagulation and fibrinolysis causing bleeding and thrombosis.
13. Neutropenia Absolute neutrophils <1.5
Mild= ANC 1000 - 1500 cells/microL
Mod= ANC 500-999 cells/microL
Sev= <500 cells/microL
1.decreased production in bone marrow
2.redistribution
3.immune destruction
, CEA FINAL EXAM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g0l9l3
Cause: infection, meds, nutritional, hematological malignancies, rheum disorders,
aplastic anemia, idiopathic
CBC, peripheral smear, coats, B12/folate, LFTs, ESR, etc.
tx: myeloid growth factors, allogenic hematopoitic cell transplant, infection tx and
prevention, obs
14. Lymphoma Hodgkin's (most curable and with Reed-Sternberg cells)) and Non-hodgkin's
(more common)
painless neck, groin, axilla swelling- lymphadenopathy, poss night sweats, wt
loss
RF: heredity, herbicide exposure, radiation, AIDS
LN biopsy, PET scan, serolgy
Stage 1-2: radiotherapy
Stage 3-4: radiotherapy and/or chemo
15. CN 1 olfactory- unilateral smell test
16. CN 2 optic-visual acuity, hemaniopsia, amaurosis fugax
17. CN 3 oculomotor- cardinal gaze, follow finger without turning head
18. CN 4 trochlear- eyes in and down
19. CN 5 trigeminal- facial sensation
20. CN 6 abducens- lateral view, motor
21. CN 7 facial- eyebrows (Bell's palsy)
22. CN 8 auditory (vestibulocochlear)-whisper test
23. CN 9 glossopharyngeal- base of neck, uvula rise with AH test
24. CN 10 vagus- gag, parasympathetic innervation
, CEA FINAL EXAM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g0l9l3
25. CN 11 accessory- shoulder shrug
26. CN 12 hypoglossal- tip of tongue up and down
27. Broca's area speech, towards front
28. Wernicke's area speech comprehension, further back near ears
29. Motor cortex in front of the central sulcus, movement
30. Sensory cortex behind central sulcus, pain, heat, and other sensations
31. Occipital Lobe primary visual area
32. cerebellum coordination
33. Brainstem swallowing, breathing, heartbeat, wakefulness center, and other involuntary func-
tions
34. Frontal Lobe smell, judgment, foresight, and voluntary movement, Broca's area
35. Parietal Lobe comprehension of language, wernicke's area
36. Temporal Lobe intellectual and emotional functions, hearing
37. Anterior Cord -loss of movement and sharp/dull and hot/cold sensation below level of injury
Syndrome -may maintain sense of position of extremities, vibration, and pressure.
-causes: flexion of head to chest at cervical level (trauma), disc herniation, spinal
tumors
38. Central Cord Syn- -loss of movement and sensation in arms, legs spared somewhat from damage
drome -Causes: spinal stenosis, hyperextension with head backward/whiplash
39. Brown-Sequard -Ipsilateral loss of motor function and proprioception with contralateral loss of
Syndrome pain and temp sensation.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g0l9l3
1. Microcytic Ane- MCV <80, MCHC <33
mia Iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia, lead poisoning, sideroblastic anemia, cop-
per deficiency
2. Iron Deficiency Microcytic, MCV <80, MCHC <33, blood loss (ulcers, lesions, malignancy, menor-
Anemia rhagia) or malabsorption (gastric resection, celiac disease, inflammatory disor-
ders)
Ferritin low, TIBC high, RDW high
Tx: Ferrous sulf or gluc, vit c
peripheral smear, CBC, iron studies
3. Lead Poisoning Microcytic. Chelation w/ some BLL >80 and all BLL >100 mcg/dL
Lead binds to proteins leading to impaired heme synthesis and increased rate of
RBC destruction. Can cause organ dysfunction and nerve damage.
4. Thalassemia microcytic, "mouth of Mediterranean," genetic mutation, hemochromatosis
tx: gel electrophoresis, normal RDW ( deciphers between IDA (RDW high).
5. Normocytic Ane- MCV 80-100, MCHC 33-37
mia Acute blood loss, chronic disease (cancer, autoimmune, ESRD, CKD), DIC, Aplastic
Anemia
6. Aplastic Anemia Normocytic, pancytopenia, bone marrow biopsy and peripheral smear, bone mar-
row suppression, bone marrow transplant, antibiotics, RBC, WBC, PLT transfusion,
can transform into leukemia
7. Macrocytic Ane- MCV >100, MCHC normal or high, Pernicious anemia (B12 def), MDS, mega-
mia loblastic- folate/B12 deficiency, ETOH, malabsorption
8. Pernicious Ane- Macrocytic. Autoimmune attack on stomach's intrinsic factor hindering B12 ab-
mia sorption. B12/folate, MMA (methylmalonic acid), peripheral smear, retic count,
autoantibodies to IF.
, CEA FINAL EXAM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g0l9l3
9. RDW Red Cell Distribution Width, 11.6-14.4%, the variation in size of RBCs, increased
RDW means increase in immature RBCS made by bone marrow which increases
the variability of size of the RBCs. Immature RBCs (reticulocytes) have nucleus still
and larger.
10. Myelodysplastic -Extremely macrocytic, pancytopenia, dysplasia >10% of cells
Syndrome
-idiopathic, cytotoxic chemo and/or radiation, environmental toxins, can develop
AML (acute myeloid leukemia), 70 years old and males
-peripheral smear with blasts (immature WBCs), bone marrow biopsy (immuno-
cytochemistry and flow cytometry)
-sx: fatigue, infections, cytopenias
-tx: obs, chemo, allogenic hematopoietic cell transplant.
11. Thrombocytope- <150,000, CBC, peripheral smear, HIV, HCV, PLT transfusions, glucocorticoids,
nia IVIG, splenectomy.
pregnancy, chronic liver disease, hypersplenism, ITP, meds, alcohol, malignancy,
autoimmune bone marrow disorders
12. Disseminated In- thrombocytopenia, prolonged PT, aPTT, low plasma fibrinogen, high D-dimer
travascular Coag- Causes: sepsis, malignancy, trauma, OB complications, and intravascular hemol-
ulation ysis
Check CBC, peripheral smear, PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, d-dimer
Overactivation of coagulation and fibrinolysis causing bleeding and thrombosis.
13. Neutropenia Absolute neutrophils <1.5
Mild= ANC 1000 - 1500 cells/microL
Mod= ANC 500-999 cells/microL
Sev= <500 cells/microL
1.decreased production in bone marrow
2.redistribution
3.immune destruction
, CEA FINAL EXAM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g0l9l3
Cause: infection, meds, nutritional, hematological malignancies, rheum disorders,
aplastic anemia, idiopathic
CBC, peripheral smear, coats, B12/folate, LFTs, ESR, etc.
tx: myeloid growth factors, allogenic hematopoitic cell transplant, infection tx and
prevention, obs
14. Lymphoma Hodgkin's (most curable and with Reed-Sternberg cells)) and Non-hodgkin's
(more common)
painless neck, groin, axilla swelling- lymphadenopathy, poss night sweats, wt
loss
RF: heredity, herbicide exposure, radiation, AIDS
LN biopsy, PET scan, serolgy
Stage 1-2: radiotherapy
Stage 3-4: radiotherapy and/or chemo
15. CN 1 olfactory- unilateral smell test
16. CN 2 optic-visual acuity, hemaniopsia, amaurosis fugax
17. CN 3 oculomotor- cardinal gaze, follow finger without turning head
18. CN 4 trochlear- eyes in and down
19. CN 5 trigeminal- facial sensation
20. CN 6 abducens- lateral view, motor
21. CN 7 facial- eyebrows (Bell's palsy)
22. CN 8 auditory (vestibulocochlear)-whisper test
23. CN 9 glossopharyngeal- base of neck, uvula rise with AH test
24. CN 10 vagus- gag, parasympathetic innervation
, CEA FINAL EXAM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g0l9l3
25. CN 11 accessory- shoulder shrug
26. CN 12 hypoglossal- tip of tongue up and down
27. Broca's area speech, towards front
28. Wernicke's area speech comprehension, further back near ears
29. Motor cortex in front of the central sulcus, movement
30. Sensory cortex behind central sulcus, pain, heat, and other sensations
31. Occipital Lobe primary visual area
32. cerebellum coordination
33. Brainstem swallowing, breathing, heartbeat, wakefulness center, and other involuntary func-
tions
34. Frontal Lobe smell, judgment, foresight, and voluntary movement, Broca's area
35. Parietal Lobe comprehension of language, wernicke's area
36. Temporal Lobe intellectual and emotional functions, hearing
37. Anterior Cord -loss of movement and sharp/dull and hot/cold sensation below level of injury
Syndrome -may maintain sense of position of extremities, vibration, and pressure.
-causes: flexion of head to chest at cervical level (trauma), disc herniation, spinal
tumors
38. Central Cord Syn- -loss of movement and sensation in arms, legs spared somewhat from damage
drome -Causes: spinal stenosis, hyperextension with head backward/whiplash
39. Brown-Sequard -Ipsilateral loss of motor function and proprioception with contralateral loss of
Syndrome pain and temp sensation.
