BIO 182 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
homeostasis - Correct Answers -homeostasis refers to the tendency of the body to seek
and maintain a condition of balance within its internal environment
which type of fatty acid would increase the fluidity of a membrane? - Correct Answers -
unsaturated
most animal fats are solid temperature, whereas plant and fish oils tend to be liquid at
the same temperature. both contain fatty acids. can you predict which type of fat
contains saturated fatty acids, and which type contains unsaturated fatty acids? -
Correct Answers -animal fats tend to be saturated and plants/fish oil tend to be
unsaturated
the length of a fatty acid influences its physical properties. would an otherwise similar
long chain fatty acid or short chain fatty acid have a higher melting point? - Correct
Answers -the long chain fatty acid will have a higher melting point
which early scientist experimented with nerve stimulation by cutting into his own arm
and probing the nerves? - Correct Answers -alexander von humboldt
what kind of invertebrate may have a similar level of neuronal sophistication as higher
vertebrates? - Correct Answers -cephalopods (such as octopus)
cephalization, or the concentration of nerve development in the head is thought to
coincide with... - Correct Answers -the evolution of predation
how fast can nerve cells send a signal? - Correct Answers -at 200 m/second
multiple sclerosis is disease in which the immune system attacks and destroys the
myelin sheath surrounding nerve cells. what effect would you expect the loss of myelin
to have on the speed of nerve impulses. - Correct Answers -nerve impulses are slowed
or completely stopped in response to loss of myelin surrounding nerve cells
acetylcholinesterase is the enzyme that breaks down and inactive acetylcholine. some
nerve gases used as chemical weapons block acetylcholinesterase. what effect would
such nerve gases have on muscle contraction? - Correct Answers -it would cause
violent muscle contractions, possibly leading to paralysis and death
,an american businessman visiting japan decides to treat himself to a meal of fugu
before he returns home. after consuming some of this in a sushi dish, he feels dizzy,
exhausted, and has difficulty breathing. this is likely due to which neurological cause... -
Correct Answers -fugu tetradotoxin inhibiting action potential throughout the nervous
system.
an unlucky high school chemistry teacher decides to supplement his meagre salary by
synthesizing and selling a narcotic. this drug causes feelings of euphoria and happiness
(for a short time) in its users and likely influences which neurotransmitter network? -
Correct Answers -dopamine
what is a membrane potential? - Correct Answers -it is the difference in electric potential
between the interior and exterior of a biological cell
if you had probe on the inside of the cell, which of the voltage graphs would be correct?
(insert picture) - Correct Answers -graph 3
can K+ or - move across the plasma membrane of a cell via simple diffusion? - Correct
Answers -no
does the peripheral nervous system rely upon voluntary or involuntary components? -
Correct Answers -both
sympathetic or parasympathetic? slowing heart - Correct Answers -parasympathetic
sympathetic or parasympathetic? voiding (emptying) bladder - Correct Answers -
parasympathetic
sympathetic or parasympathetic? dilates pupil of eye - Correct Answers -sympathetic
what do you think is more important for homeostasis? negative feedback or positive
feedback? - Correct Answers -negative feedback
what gland is most likely not working properly? the patient (a thin child) shows high
blood sugar, frequent urination, increased thirst, and weight loss - Correct Answers -
pancreas
what gland is most likely not working properly? the patient (a grown man) shows severe
fatigue, weight loss, gastrointestinal problems, craving for salt - Correct Answers -
adrenal gland
what gland is most likely not working properly? the patient (a grown woman) is often
tired, gains weight, experiences hair loss, and depression - Correct Answers -thyroid
gland
, what kind of signal would it be? a compound emitted by the gonads and adrenal gland
diffuses throughout the body causing sex-specific body development. male organisms
tend to produce more of this substance - Correct Answers -endocrine
what kind of signal would it be? a compound emitted internally in cell causes changes to
the behavior of the cell itself - Correct Answers -intracrine
what kind of signal would it be? a compound emitted in a hermit colony by the queen
suppresses the ovary development in female worker termites to prevent them from
reproducing - Correct Answers -pheromonal
case study: immune response prevents gliogenesis.
A number of patients demonstrate the following cellular features upon close
examination: immune cells have infiltrated their gliogenic regions adjacent to brain
lesions and initiated an inflammatory response in the region. Cytokine release during
this inflammatory response reduces the inherent neural stem cell population and jointly
the potential of the remaining neural stem cell to differentiate to glial-fates. What
neurological symptoms would they likely present with? - Correct Answers -vision
problems, balance issues, cognitive problems
what disorder might the notch pathway possible play a role in? - Correct Answers -
Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease), Down's syndrome
a gain of function mutation in the GCPR receptors influencing LH causes constitutive
activation (always turned on) of this pathway. what might be the result? - Correct
Answers -hormonal imbalance
what did wigglesworth's experiment show? - Correct Answers -that the head of the
kissing bug produced some substance that caused molting; that the substance causing
molting was somewhat slow-acting chemical (acting even after the head was removed)
diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by high blood-glucose levels. what
physiological condition can produce diabetes? - Correct Answers -the immune system
attacks the insulin producing cells of the pancreas, resulting in a lack of insulin; the
brain fails to signal to the pancreas that blood sugar levels are too low
which type of hormone has intracellular receptors (as opposed to cell-surface)? -
Correct Answers -peptide, amine, steroid
chemical compounds that act locally (cells in the same neighborhood) are said to have
a ___ function - Correct Answers -paracrine
what health condition does this patient most likely have? - Correct Answers -
hypothyroidism; goiter
ANSWERS
homeostasis - Correct Answers -homeostasis refers to the tendency of the body to seek
and maintain a condition of balance within its internal environment
which type of fatty acid would increase the fluidity of a membrane? - Correct Answers -
unsaturated
most animal fats are solid temperature, whereas plant and fish oils tend to be liquid at
the same temperature. both contain fatty acids. can you predict which type of fat
contains saturated fatty acids, and which type contains unsaturated fatty acids? -
Correct Answers -animal fats tend to be saturated and plants/fish oil tend to be
unsaturated
the length of a fatty acid influences its physical properties. would an otherwise similar
long chain fatty acid or short chain fatty acid have a higher melting point? - Correct
Answers -the long chain fatty acid will have a higher melting point
which early scientist experimented with nerve stimulation by cutting into his own arm
and probing the nerves? - Correct Answers -alexander von humboldt
what kind of invertebrate may have a similar level of neuronal sophistication as higher
vertebrates? - Correct Answers -cephalopods (such as octopus)
cephalization, or the concentration of nerve development in the head is thought to
coincide with... - Correct Answers -the evolution of predation
how fast can nerve cells send a signal? - Correct Answers -at 200 m/second
multiple sclerosis is disease in which the immune system attacks and destroys the
myelin sheath surrounding nerve cells. what effect would you expect the loss of myelin
to have on the speed of nerve impulses. - Correct Answers -nerve impulses are slowed
or completely stopped in response to loss of myelin surrounding nerve cells
acetylcholinesterase is the enzyme that breaks down and inactive acetylcholine. some
nerve gases used as chemical weapons block acetylcholinesterase. what effect would
such nerve gases have on muscle contraction? - Correct Answers -it would cause
violent muscle contractions, possibly leading to paralysis and death
,an american businessman visiting japan decides to treat himself to a meal of fugu
before he returns home. after consuming some of this in a sushi dish, he feels dizzy,
exhausted, and has difficulty breathing. this is likely due to which neurological cause... -
Correct Answers -fugu tetradotoxin inhibiting action potential throughout the nervous
system.
an unlucky high school chemistry teacher decides to supplement his meagre salary by
synthesizing and selling a narcotic. this drug causes feelings of euphoria and happiness
(for a short time) in its users and likely influences which neurotransmitter network? -
Correct Answers -dopamine
what is a membrane potential? - Correct Answers -it is the difference in electric potential
between the interior and exterior of a biological cell
if you had probe on the inside of the cell, which of the voltage graphs would be correct?
(insert picture) - Correct Answers -graph 3
can K+ or - move across the plasma membrane of a cell via simple diffusion? - Correct
Answers -no
does the peripheral nervous system rely upon voluntary or involuntary components? -
Correct Answers -both
sympathetic or parasympathetic? slowing heart - Correct Answers -parasympathetic
sympathetic or parasympathetic? voiding (emptying) bladder - Correct Answers -
parasympathetic
sympathetic or parasympathetic? dilates pupil of eye - Correct Answers -sympathetic
what do you think is more important for homeostasis? negative feedback or positive
feedback? - Correct Answers -negative feedback
what gland is most likely not working properly? the patient (a thin child) shows high
blood sugar, frequent urination, increased thirst, and weight loss - Correct Answers -
pancreas
what gland is most likely not working properly? the patient (a grown man) shows severe
fatigue, weight loss, gastrointestinal problems, craving for salt - Correct Answers -
adrenal gland
what gland is most likely not working properly? the patient (a grown woman) is often
tired, gains weight, experiences hair loss, and depression - Correct Answers -thyroid
gland
, what kind of signal would it be? a compound emitted by the gonads and adrenal gland
diffuses throughout the body causing sex-specific body development. male organisms
tend to produce more of this substance - Correct Answers -endocrine
what kind of signal would it be? a compound emitted internally in cell causes changes to
the behavior of the cell itself - Correct Answers -intracrine
what kind of signal would it be? a compound emitted in a hermit colony by the queen
suppresses the ovary development in female worker termites to prevent them from
reproducing - Correct Answers -pheromonal
case study: immune response prevents gliogenesis.
A number of patients demonstrate the following cellular features upon close
examination: immune cells have infiltrated their gliogenic regions adjacent to brain
lesions and initiated an inflammatory response in the region. Cytokine release during
this inflammatory response reduces the inherent neural stem cell population and jointly
the potential of the remaining neural stem cell to differentiate to glial-fates. What
neurological symptoms would they likely present with? - Correct Answers -vision
problems, balance issues, cognitive problems
what disorder might the notch pathway possible play a role in? - Correct Answers -
Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease), Down's syndrome
a gain of function mutation in the GCPR receptors influencing LH causes constitutive
activation (always turned on) of this pathway. what might be the result? - Correct
Answers -hormonal imbalance
what did wigglesworth's experiment show? - Correct Answers -that the head of the
kissing bug produced some substance that caused molting; that the substance causing
molting was somewhat slow-acting chemical (acting even after the head was removed)
diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by high blood-glucose levels. what
physiological condition can produce diabetes? - Correct Answers -the immune system
attacks the insulin producing cells of the pancreas, resulting in a lack of insulin; the
brain fails to signal to the pancreas that blood sugar levels are too low
which type of hormone has intracellular receptors (as opposed to cell-surface)? -
Correct Answers -peptide, amine, steroid
chemical compounds that act locally (cells in the same neighborhood) are said to have
a ___ function - Correct Answers -paracrine
what health condition does this patient most likely have? - Correct Answers -
hypothyroidism; goiter
