AC HPAT BIOLOGY 126 VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS UPDATED 2026 || GRADED A+
Pancreas and Type 1 diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER - The pancreas is the
organ that produces insulin, and it plays a major role in regulating blood glucose
levels. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not make enough or any
insulin.
How does insulin work in diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER - Insulin pumps
are small, computerized devices that mimic the way the human pancreas works by
delivering small doses of short acting insulin continuously (basal rate). The device
also is used to deliver variable amounts of insulin when a meal is eaten (bolus)
chemotherapy - CORRECT ANSWER - Chemotherapy is a drug treatment
that uses powerful chemicals to kill fast-growing cells in your body. Chemotherapy
is most often used to treat cancer, since cancer cells grow and multiply much more
quickly than most cells in the body. It targets cells that grow and divide quickly, as
cancer cells do. Unlike radiation or surgery, which target specific areas, chemo can
work throughout your body. But it can also affect some fast-growing healthy cells,
like those of the skin, hair, intestines, and bone marrow.
How can stem cells be used in the treatment of leukemia? And how effective is it? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Stem cell transplant replaces the leukemia cells in
your bone marrow with new ones that make blood. Your doctor can get the new
stem cells from your own body or from a donor. Stem cell transplantation is
effective against leukemia. In many cases, however, the transferred immune cells
of the donor also attack the recipients' healthy tissue—often with fatal
consequences. ... Stem cell therapy offers people suffering from leukemia or bone-
marrow cancer the chance of full recovery.
,Why is laser technology more effective than conventional surgery in removing
cancerous tumours? - CORRECT ANSWER - Lasers are more precise than
standard surgical tools (scalpels), so they do less damage to normal tissues. As a
result, patients usually have less pain, bleeding, swelling, and scarring. With laser
therapy, operations are usually shorter.
Urinary system - CORRECT ANSWER - · The urinary system, also known as
the renal system or urinary tract, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the
urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body,
regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and
metabolites, and regulate blood pH
Nanotechnology - CORRECT ANSWER - Nanotechnology can provide rapid
and sensitive detection of cancer-related molecules, enabling scientists to detect
molecular changes even when they occur only in a small percentage of cells.
Mercury poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER - The most common cause of
mercury poisoning is from consuming too much methyl mercury or organic
mercury, which is linked to eating seafood. Small amounts of mercury are present
in everyday foods and products, which may not affect your health. Too much
mercury, however, can be poisonous. Mercury salts affect primarily the
gastrointestinal tract and the kidneys, and can cause severe kidney damage;
however, as they cannot cross the blood-brain barrier easily, these salts inflict little
neurological damage without continuous or heavy exposure.
How can ultraviolet light from the sun affect the cells of the human eye? -
CORRECT ANSWER - UV rays may lead to macular degeneration, a leading
cause of vision loss for older Americans. UV rays, especially UV-B rays, may also
, cause some kinds of cataracts. A cataract is a clouding of the eye's natural lens, the
part of the eye that focuses the light we see.
Macromolecules - CORRECT ANSWER - Macromolecules are large
molecules composed of thousands of covalently connected atoms. Carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are all macromolecules. Macromolecules are
formed by many monomers linking together, forming a polymer.
passive transport - CORRECT ANSWER - Passive transport is a movement of
ions and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need
of energy input. Unlike active transport, it does not require an input of cellular
energy because it is instead driven by the tendency of the system to grow in
entropy.
active transport - CORRECT ANSWER - active transport is the movement of
molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of
higher concentration—against the concentration gradient. Active transport requires
cellular energy to achieve this movement.
catalyst - CORRECT ANSWER - Catalyst: a substance that increases the rate
of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.
fluid mosaic model - CORRECT ANSWER - describes the structure of the
plasma membrane as a mosaic of components —including phospholipids,
cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid
character. The proportions of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in the plasma
membrane vary with cell type
ANSWERS UPDATED 2026 || GRADED A+
Pancreas and Type 1 diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER - The pancreas is the
organ that produces insulin, and it plays a major role in regulating blood glucose
levels. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not make enough or any
insulin.
How does insulin work in diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER - Insulin pumps
are small, computerized devices that mimic the way the human pancreas works by
delivering small doses of short acting insulin continuously (basal rate). The device
also is used to deliver variable amounts of insulin when a meal is eaten (bolus)
chemotherapy - CORRECT ANSWER - Chemotherapy is a drug treatment
that uses powerful chemicals to kill fast-growing cells in your body. Chemotherapy
is most often used to treat cancer, since cancer cells grow and multiply much more
quickly than most cells in the body. It targets cells that grow and divide quickly, as
cancer cells do. Unlike radiation or surgery, which target specific areas, chemo can
work throughout your body. But it can also affect some fast-growing healthy cells,
like those of the skin, hair, intestines, and bone marrow.
How can stem cells be used in the treatment of leukemia? And how effective is it? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Stem cell transplant replaces the leukemia cells in
your bone marrow with new ones that make blood. Your doctor can get the new
stem cells from your own body or from a donor. Stem cell transplantation is
effective against leukemia. In many cases, however, the transferred immune cells
of the donor also attack the recipients' healthy tissue—often with fatal
consequences. ... Stem cell therapy offers people suffering from leukemia or bone-
marrow cancer the chance of full recovery.
,Why is laser technology more effective than conventional surgery in removing
cancerous tumours? - CORRECT ANSWER - Lasers are more precise than
standard surgical tools (scalpels), so they do less damage to normal tissues. As a
result, patients usually have less pain, bleeding, swelling, and scarring. With laser
therapy, operations are usually shorter.
Urinary system - CORRECT ANSWER - · The urinary system, also known as
the renal system or urinary tract, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the
urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body,
regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and
metabolites, and regulate blood pH
Nanotechnology - CORRECT ANSWER - Nanotechnology can provide rapid
and sensitive detection of cancer-related molecules, enabling scientists to detect
molecular changes even when they occur only in a small percentage of cells.
Mercury poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER - The most common cause of
mercury poisoning is from consuming too much methyl mercury or organic
mercury, which is linked to eating seafood. Small amounts of mercury are present
in everyday foods and products, which may not affect your health. Too much
mercury, however, can be poisonous. Mercury salts affect primarily the
gastrointestinal tract and the kidneys, and can cause severe kidney damage;
however, as they cannot cross the blood-brain barrier easily, these salts inflict little
neurological damage without continuous or heavy exposure.
How can ultraviolet light from the sun affect the cells of the human eye? -
CORRECT ANSWER - UV rays may lead to macular degeneration, a leading
cause of vision loss for older Americans. UV rays, especially UV-B rays, may also
, cause some kinds of cataracts. A cataract is a clouding of the eye's natural lens, the
part of the eye that focuses the light we see.
Macromolecules - CORRECT ANSWER - Macromolecules are large
molecules composed of thousands of covalently connected atoms. Carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are all macromolecules. Macromolecules are
formed by many monomers linking together, forming a polymer.
passive transport - CORRECT ANSWER - Passive transport is a movement of
ions and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need
of energy input. Unlike active transport, it does not require an input of cellular
energy because it is instead driven by the tendency of the system to grow in
entropy.
active transport - CORRECT ANSWER - active transport is the movement of
molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of
higher concentration—against the concentration gradient. Active transport requires
cellular energy to achieve this movement.
catalyst - CORRECT ANSWER - Catalyst: a substance that increases the rate
of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.
fluid mosaic model - CORRECT ANSWER - describes the structure of the
plasma membrane as a mosaic of components —including phospholipids,
cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid
character. The proportions of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in the plasma
membrane vary with cell type
