NUSC 1165 Exam 2 (Chapters 3, 4, 5 intro) Questions with Correct Answers 100% Verified By
Experts| 2025/2026 Latest Update
Digestive system -Ingestion and digestion of food
-Facilitates the movement of nutrients into the body
-Responsible for eliminating unabsorbed waste
Nervous system Sends nerve signals to help control the passage of food throughout the
digestive tract
Endocrine system Produces hormones to regulate food intake and the function of digestive
organs
Urinary system Elimination of fluids, nitrogen
Respiratory system Removes CO2
integumentary system Removes water, sweat, and minerals from the body
Define digestion - Breaking food into components small enough so it can be absorbed into
the body
- Energy yielding nutrients: carbs, protein, fat
Define absorption Process of taking substances directly into the body
Function of stomach -Churns and mixes food
-Secretes acid and a protein-digesting enzyme
Function of small intestine -Completes digestion
,-Absorbs nutrients into the blood or lymph
Function of large intestine -Absorbs water and some vitamins and minerals
-Home to intestinal bacteria
-Passes waste material
Accessory organs and functions -Salivary glands: produce saliva, which contains a starch-
digesting enzyme
-Liver: makes bile, which aids in digestion and absorption of fat
-Pancreas: releases bicarbonate to neutralize intestinal contents and produces enzymes that
digest carbohydrates, protein, and fat
-Gall Bladder: stores bile and releases it into the SI when needed
Structure of gut wall and function -Layers of Smooth Muscle: contraction and the
breakdown of food
- Connective Tissue: nerves and blood vessels
-External Layer of Connective Tissue: support and protection
-Mucosa: protective layer with life span of 2-5 days
Transit time The amount of time taken for food to pass through the entire length of the
digestive tract
- Healthy adults: 24-72 hours
, Factors affecting transit time Diet composition, physical activity, medications, emotions,
illnesses
Digestive secretion Mucus:
-Viscous fluid secreted by glands in the mucosal lining of the GI tract
-Moistens, lubricates, and protects the digestive tract from harsh environments
Enzymes
-Protein molecules that speed up the rate of chemical reactions without undergoing any
changes
-Accelerates nutrient breakdown during digestion
-Specific enzymes that break down different nutrients
Regulation of GI function Nerves
-Stimulated by thought, sight, smell, and presence of food
-Causes muscles contractions that churn, mix, and propel food through the gut
-Stimulate or inhibit gastric secretions
-Coordinate digestive activity with other body functions
Hormones
-Chemical messengers produced in an organ
-Released into the blood and elicit responses at other locations in the body
-Helps prepare different areas of the gut for the arrival of food
-Regulate nutrient digestion and rate of food moving through the system
Cephalic response Involves signals from the nervous system
Experts| 2025/2026 Latest Update
Digestive system -Ingestion and digestion of food
-Facilitates the movement of nutrients into the body
-Responsible for eliminating unabsorbed waste
Nervous system Sends nerve signals to help control the passage of food throughout the
digestive tract
Endocrine system Produces hormones to regulate food intake and the function of digestive
organs
Urinary system Elimination of fluids, nitrogen
Respiratory system Removes CO2
integumentary system Removes water, sweat, and minerals from the body
Define digestion - Breaking food into components small enough so it can be absorbed into
the body
- Energy yielding nutrients: carbs, protein, fat
Define absorption Process of taking substances directly into the body
Function of stomach -Churns and mixes food
-Secretes acid and a protein-digesting enzyme
Function of small intestine -Completes digestion
,-Absorbs nutrients into the blood or lymph
Function of large intestine -Absorbs water and some vitamins and minerals
-Home to intestinal bacteria
-Passes waste material
Accessory organs and functions -Salivary glands: produce saliva, which contains a starch-
digesting enzyme
-Liver: makes bile, which aids in digestion and absorption of fat
-Pancreas: releases bicarbonate to neutralize intestinal contents and produces enzymes that
digest carbohydrates, protein, and fat
-Gall Bladder: stores bile and releases it into the SI when needed
Structure of gut wall and function -Layers of Smooth Muscle: contraction and the
breakdown of food
- Connective Tissue: nerves and blood vessels
-External Layer of Connective Tissue: support and protection
-Mucosa: protective layer with life span of 2-5 days
Transit time The amount of time taken for food to pass through the entire length of the
digestive tract
- Healthy adults: 24-72 hours
, Factors affecting transit time Diet composition, physical activity, medications, emotions,
illnesses
Digestive secretion Mucus:
-Viscous fluid secreted by glands in the mucosal lining of the GI tract
-Moistens, lubricates, and protects the digestive tract from harsh environments
Enzymes
-Protein molecules that speed up the rate of chemical reactions without undergoing any
changes
-Accelerates nutrient breakdown during digestion
-Specific enzymes that break down different nutrients
Regulation of GI function Nerves
-Stimulated by thought, sight, smell, and presence of food
-Causes muscles contractions that churn, mix, and propel food through the gut
-Stimulate or inhibit gastric secretions
-Coordinate digestive activity with other body functions
Hormones
-Chemical messengers produced in an organ
-Released into the blood and elicit responses at other locations in the body
-Helps prepare different areas of the gut for the arrival of food
-Regulate nutrient digestion and rate of food moving through the system
Cephalic response Involves signals from the nervous system
