Test Bank - Principles of Human Physiology 4th Edition
TEST BANK
Principles of Human Physiology
Cindy L. Stanfield
4th Edition
, Test Bank - Principles of Human Physiology 4th Edition
Table of Contents
1. Introduction to Physiology
2. The Cell: Structure and Function
3. Cell Metabolism
4. Cell Membrane Transport
5. Chemical Messengers
6. The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions
7. Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling
8. Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration
9. The Nervous System: Central Nervous System
10. The Nervous System: Sensory Systems
11. The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems
12. Muscle Physiology
13. The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function
14. The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure
15. The Cardiovascular System: Blood
16. The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation
17. The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing
18. The Urinary System: Renal Function
19. The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
20. The Gastrointestinal System
21: The Endocrine System. Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth
22. The Reproductive System
23. The Immune System
24. Diabetes Mellitus
, Test Bank - Principles of Human Physiology 4th Edition
Chapter 1 Introduction to Physiology
Multiple Choice Questions
1) The smallest living units capable of carrying out their own basic life functions are called
________.
A) organs
B) organ systems
C) tissues
D) cells
E) organelles
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3
2) ________ carry/carries oxygen to the cells of the body, while the synthesis of these cells is
regulated by the hormone ________.
A) Erythrocytes : bone marrow
B) Bone marrow : erythrocyte
C) Erythrocytes : erythropoietin
D) Erythropoietin : erythrocyte
E) Bone marrow : erythropoietin
Answer: C
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 2
3) Which of the following is NOT one of the major cell types found in the human body?
A) epithelial cells
B) muscle cells
C) endocrine cells
D) nervous cells
E) connective tissue cells
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 3
4) Which of the following is NOT a primary type of tissue?
A) muscle
B) skeletal
C) nerve
D) epithelial
E) connective
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 3
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Test Bank - Principles of Human Physiology 4th Edition
2 Test Bank for Principles of Human Physiology
5) The tissue type that generates mechanical force and movement, and whose activity is
controlled both on a voluntary and involuntary level, is ________.
A) muscle tissue
B) epithelial tissue
C) connective tissue
D) nervous tissue
E) skeletal tissue
Answer: A
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
6) What tissue type functions in the transport of specific molecules from one body compartment
to another?
A) muscle tissue
B) epithelial tissue
C) connective tissue
D) nervous tissue
E) reticular tissue
Answer: B
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
7) What tissue type lines internal hollow organs and external surfaces of the body, providing a
barrier between the internal and external environment?
A) epithelial tissue
B) muscle tissue
C) nervous tissue
D) connective tissue
E) reticular tissue
Answer: A
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
8) Glands are derived from what type of tissue?
A) muscle
B) connective
C) epithelial
D) nerve
E) kleenex
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 5
9) What type of tissue lines exocrine glands?
A) connective
B) epithelial
C) exonuclear
D) nerve
E) muscle
Answer: B
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Test Bank - Principles of Human Physiology 4th Edition
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Physiology 3
10) Endocrine glands are derived from what type of tissue?
A) muscle
B) nerve
C) epithelial
D) connective
E) reticular
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 5
11) What type of gland secretes products into ducts leading to the external environment?
A) endocrine glands
B) exocrine glands
C) both endocrine and exocrine
D) neither endocrine nor exocrine
Answer: B
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
12) Which tissue type includes cells contained in an extracellular matrix composed of collagen and
elastin?
A) muscle tissue
B) epithelial tissue
C) connective tissue
D) nervous tissue
E) endocrine tissue
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 5
13) Which of the following descriptions INCORRECTLY describes the tissue type?
A) Muscle tissue is specialized for contraction and generation of force.
B) Epithelial tissue forms glands.
C) Nervous tissue is specialized for transmission of electrical impulses.
D) Connective tissue is specialized for exchange between the internal and external
environments.
E) Epithelial tissue lines the lumen of internal organs.
Answer: D
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
14) What is a general name for the non-cellular material that holds the widely scattered cells of
connective tissue together?
A) Basement membrane
B) Collagen
C) Intracellular matrix
D) Extracellular matrix
E) Elastin
Answer: D
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Test Bank - Principles of Human Physiology 4th Edition
4 Test Bank for Principles of Human Physiology
15) Which of the following is a protein found in the body that provides the tensile strength to
resist stretching?
A) Collagen
B) Elastin
C) Erythropoietin
D) Basement membrane
E) Vimentin
Answer: A
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
16) Which of the following is a tissue type that includes the cells found within blood and bones?
A) muscle tissue
B) epithelial tissue
C) connective tissue
D) nervous tissue
E) endocrine tissue
Answer: C
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
17) What are the structures that attach bone to muscle called?
A) ligaments
B) aponeuroses
C) extracellular matrix proteins
D) tendons
E) intracellular matrix proteins
Answer: D
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
18) Organs of the body are defined as ________.
A) a collection of cells that perform similar functions
B) two or more tissues combined to form a structure that allows each tissue to function
independently
C) a collection of cells that function independently of one another
D) a combination of two or more tissues that makes a structure which performs specific
functions
E) a collection of tissues that function independently of one another
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 5
19) Which of the following accurately represents the order of complexity for the components of
the body, from least to most complex?
A) organ systems, cells, tissues, organs
B) tissues, cells, organs, organ systems
C) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
D) cells, tissues, organ systems, organs
E) organ systems, organs, tissues, cells
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Test Bank - Principles of Human Physiology 4th Edition
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Physiology 5
20) Which of the following organ systems is primarily involved in the process of digestion?
A) immune system
B) endocrine system
C) gastrointestinal system
D) cardiovascular system
E) integumentary system
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5
21) Which of the following is NOT a component of the gastrointestinal system?
A) salivary glands
B) stomach
C) gall bladder
D) liver
E) kidneys
Answer: E
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
22) Name the two organ systems that the kidneys belong to.
A) urinary and digestive systems
B) urinary and immune systems
C) endocrine and urinary systems
D) urinary and skeletal systems
E) endocrine and gastrointestinal systems
Answer: C
Diff: 5 Page Ref: 6
23) The uptake of nutrients across the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract and into the
bloodstream is called ________.
A) filtration
B) excretion
C) secretion
D) absorption
E) reabsorption
Answer: D
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 7
24) What organ system includes the pituitary gland, adrenal gland, and thyroid gland?
A) nervous
B) endocrine
C) cardiovascular
D) integumentary
E) immune
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Test Bank - Principles of Human Physiology 4th Edition
6 Test Bank for Principles of Human Physiology
25) What organ system protects the body against pathogens and abnormal cells?
A) nervous
B) endocrine
C) respiratory
D) integumentary
E) immune
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6
26) What organ system functions in communication between cells of the body?
A) nervous only
B) integumentary only
C) endocrine only
D) both nervous and endocrine
E) nervous, integumentary, and endocrine
Answer: D
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6
27) What type of tissue separates the internal from the external environment?
A) connective
B) epithelial
C) plasma membrane
D) nerve
E) reticular
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 4
28) The lumen of which of the following systems is part of the INTERNAL environment?
A) gastrointestinal system
B) respiratory system
C) cardiovascular system
D) urinary system
E) gastrointestinal and urinary systems
Answer: C
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6
29) What separates the internal environment of the body from the external environment?
A) water
B) walls of blood vessels
C) membranes of blood cells
D) plasma membrane of all body cells
E) epithelium
Answer: E
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Test Bank - Principles of Human Physiology 4th Edition
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Physiology 7
30) Which of the following is NOT a part of the internal environment?
A) blood
B) brain
C) heart
D) airways to lungs
E) endocrine glands
Answer: D
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 7
31) The process whereby fluid from the bloodstream enters the tubules of the kidneys is called
________.
A) filtration
B) excretion
C) secretion
D) absorption
E) reabsorption
Answer: A
Diff: 5 Page Ref: 8
32) The process whereby fluid in the kidneys is transported from the tubules back into the
bloodstream is called ________.
A) filtration
B) excretion
C) secretion
D) absorption
E) reabsorption
Answer: E
Diff: 5 Page Ref: 8
33) Referring to a membrane as ʺselectively permeableʺ describes its ability to ________.
A) restrict the movement of particular molecules across a membrane
B) restrict only the movement of sodium across a membrane
C) provide a barrier that restricts the movement of all molecules across a membrane
D) provide a minimal barrier that allows almost any molecule to move across a membrane
E) restrict only the movement of potassium across the membrane
Answer: A
Diff: 6 Page Ref: 8
34) Extracellular fluid is composed of ________.
A) interstitial fluid and plasma
B) plasma and intracellular fluid
C) interstitial fluid only
D) plasma only
E) intracellular fluid only
Answer: A
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 9
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Test Bank - Principles of Human Physiology 4th Edition
8 Test Bank for Principles of Human Physiology
35) Total body water is composed of ________.
A) intracellular fluid only
B) extracellular fluid only
C) intracellular and interstitial fluid
D) intracellular and extracellular fluid
E) plasma and intracellular fluid
Answer: D
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 9
36) Where is most of our total body water?
A) in the lumen of the kidneys
B) in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract
C) in blood
D) inside cells
E) surrounding the cells
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 9
37) Which of the following compartments contains most of the water found in the human body?
A) intracellular fluid
B) plasma
C) interstitial fluid
D) extracellular fluid
E) lumen of the intestinal tract
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 9
38) What are the two extracellular fluid compartments of the body?
A) intracellular fluid and interstitial fluid
B) intracellular fluid and plasma
C) intracellular fluid and blood
D) interstitial fluid and plasma
E) interstitial fluid and blood
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 9
39) The portion of body water outside of cells that bathes most cells of the body is called ________.
A) intracellular fluid
B) intercellular fluid
C) interstitial fluid
D) plasma
E) extracellular fluid
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 9
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
TEST BANK
Principles of Human Physiology
Cindy L. Stanfield
4th Edition
, Test Bank - Principles of Human Physiology 4th Edition
Table of Contents
1. Introduction to Physiology
2. The Cell: Structure and Function
3. Cell Metabolism
4. Cell Membrane Transport
5. Chemical Messengers
6. The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions
7. Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling
8. Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration
9. The Nervous System: Central Nervous System
10. The Nervous System: Sensory Systems
11. The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems
12. Muscle Physiology
13. The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function
14. The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure
15. The Cardiovascular System: Blood
16. The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation
17. The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing
18. The Urinary System: Renal Function
19. The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
20. The Gastrointestinal System
21: The Endocrine System. Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth
22. The Reproductive System
23. The Immune System
24. Diabetes Mellitus
, Test Bank - Principles of Human Physiology 4th Edition
Chapter 1 Introduction to Physiology
Multiple Choice Questions
1) The smallest living units capable of carrying out their own basic life functions are called
________.
A) organs
B) organ systems
C) tissues
D) cells
E) organelles
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3
2) ________ carry/carries oxygen to the cells of the body, while the synthesis of these cells is
regulated by the hormone ________.
A) Erythrocytes : bone marrow
B) Bone marrow : erythrocyte
C) Erythrocytes : erythropoietin
D) Erythropoietin : erythrocyte
E) Bone marrow : erythropoietin
Answer: C
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 2
3) Which of the following is NOT one of the major cell types found in the human body?
A) epithelial cells
B) muscle cells
C) endocrine cells
D) nervous cells
E) connective tissue cells
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 3
4) Which of the following is NOT a primary type of tissue?
A) muscle
B) skeletal
C) nerve
D) epithelial
E) connective
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 3
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Test Bank - Principles of Human Physiology 4th Edition
2 Test Bank for Principles of Human Physiology
5) The tissue type that generates mechanical force and movement, and whose activity is
controlled both on a voluntary and involuntary level, is ________.
A) muscle tissue
B) epithelial tissue
C) connective tissue
D) nervous tissue
E) skeletal tissue
Answer: A
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
6) What tissue type functions in the transport of specific molecules from one body compartment
to another?
A) muscle tissue
B) epithelial tissue
C) connective tissue
D) nervous tissue
E) reticular tissue
Answer: B
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
7) What tissue type lines internal hollow organs and external surfaces of the body, providing a
barrier between the internal and external environment?
A) epithelial tissue
B) muscle tissue
C) nervous tissue
D) connective tissue
E) reticular tissue
Answer: A
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
8) Glands are derived from what type of tissue?
A) muscle
B) connective
C) epithelial
D) nerve
E) kleenex
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 5
9) What type of tissue lines exocrine glands?
A) connective
B) epithelial
C) exonuclear
D) nerve
E) muscle
Answer: B
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Test Bank - Principles of Human Physiology 4th Edition
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Physiology 3
10) Endocrine glands are derived from what type of tissue?
A) muscle
B) nerve
C) epithelial
D) connective
E) reticular
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 5
11) What type of gland secretes products into ducts leading to the external environment?
A) endocrine glands
B) exocrine glands
C) both endocrine and exocrine
D) neither endocrine nor exocrine
Answer: B
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
12) Which tissue type includes cells contained in an extracellular matrix composed of collagen and
elastin?
A) muscle tissue
B) epithelial tissue
C) connective tissue
D) nervous tissue
E) endocrine tissue
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 5
13) Which of the following descriptions INCORRECTLY describes the tissue type?
A) Muscle tissue is specialized for contraction and generation of force.
B) Epithelial tissue forms glands.
C) Nervous tissue is specialized for transmission of electrical impulses.
D) Connective tissue is specialized for exchange between the internal and external
environments.
E) Epithelial tissue lines the lumen of internal organs.
Answer: D
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
14) What is a general name for the non-cellular material that holds the widely scattered cells of
connective tissue together?
A) Basement membrane
B) Collagen
C) Intracellular matrix
D) Extracellular matrix
E) Elastin
Answer: D
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Test Bank - Principles of Human Physiology 4th Edition
4 Test Bank for Principles of Human Physiology
15) Which of the following is a protein found in the body that provides the tensile strength to
resist stretching?
A) Collagen
B) Elastin
C) Erythropoietin
D) Basement membrane
E) Vimentin
Answer: A
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
16) Which of the following is a tissue type that includes the cells found within blood and bones?
A) muscle tissue
B) epithelial tissue
C) connective tissue
D) nervous tissue
E) endocrine tissue
Answer: C
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
17) What are the structures that attach bone to muscle called?
A) ligaments
B) aponeuroses
C) extracellular matrix proteins
D) tendons
E) intracellular matrix proteins
Answer: D
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
18) Organs of the body are defined as ________.
A) a collection of cells that perform similar functions
B) two or more tissues combined to form a structure that allows each tissue to function
independently
C) a collection of cells that function independently of one another
D) a combination of two or more tissues that makes a structure which performs specific
functions
E) a collection of tissues that function independently of one another
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 5
19) Which of the following accurately represents the order of complexity for the components of
the body, from least to most complex?
A) organ systems, cells, tissues, organs
B) tissues, cells, organs, organ systems
C) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
D) cells, tissues, organ systems, organs
E) organ systems, organs, tissues, cells
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Test Bank - Principles of Human Physiology 4th Edition
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Physiology 5
20) Which of the following organ systems is primarily involved in the process of digestion?
A) immune system
B) endocrine system
C) gastrointestinal system
D) cardiovascular system
E) integumentary system
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5
21) Which of the following is NOT a component of the gastrointestinal system?
A) salivary glands
B) stomach
C) gall bladder
D) liver
E) kidneys
Answer: E
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 5
22) Name the two organ systems that the kidneys belong to.
A) urinary and digestive systems
B) urinary and immune systems
C) endocrine and urinary systems
D) urinary and skeletal systems
E) endocrine and gastrointestinal systems
Answer: C
Diff: 5 Page Ref: 6
23) The uptake of nutrients across the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract and into the
bloodstream is called ________.
A) filtration
B) excretion
C) secretion
D) absorption
E) reabsorption
Answer: D
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 7
24) What organ system includes the pituitary gland, adrenal gland, and thyroid gland?
A) nervous
B) endocrine
C) cardiovascular
D) integumentary
E) immune
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Test Bank - Principles of Human Physiology 4th Edition
6 Test Bank for Principles of Human Physiology
25) What organ system protects the body against pathogens and abnormal cells?
A) nervous
B) endocrine
C) respiratory
D) integumentary
E) immune
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6
26) What organ system functions in communication between cells of the body?
A) nervous only
B) integumentary only
C) endocrine only
D) both nervous and endocrine
E) nervous, integumentary, and endocrine
Answer: D
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6
27) What type of tissue separates the internal from the external environment?
A) connective
B) epithelial
C) plasma membrane
D) nerve
E) reticular
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 4
28) The lumen of which of the following systems is part of the INTERNAL environment?
A) gastrointestinal system
B) respiratory system
C) cardiovascular system
D) urinary system
E) gastrointestinal and urinary systems
Answer: C
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6
29) What separates the internal environment of the body from the external environment?
A) water
B) walls of blood vessels
C) membranes of blood cells
D) plasma membrane of all body cells
E) epithelium
Answer: E
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 6
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Test Bank - Principles of Human Physiology 4th Edition
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Physiology 7
30) Which of the following is NOT a part of the internal environment?
A) blood
B) brain
C) heart
D) airways to lungs
E) endocrine glands
Answer: D
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 7
31) The process whereby fluid from the bloodstream enters the tubules of the kidneys is called
________.
A) filtration
B) excretion
C) secretion
D) absorption
E) reabsorption
Answer: A
Diff: 5 Page Ref: 8
32) The process whereby fluid in the kidneys is transported from the tubules back into the
bloodstream is called ________.
A) filtration
B) excretion
C) secretion
D) absorption
E) reabsorption
Answer: E
Diff: 5 Page Ref: 8
33) Referring to a membrane as ʺselectively permeableʺ describes its ability to ________.
A) restrict the movement of particular molecules across a membrane
B) restrict only the movement of sodium across a membrane
C) provide a barrier that restricts the movement of all molecules across a membrane
D) provide a minimal barrier that allows almost any molecule to move across a membrane
E) restrict only the movement of potassium across the membrane
Answer: A
Diff: 6 Page Ref: 8
34) Extracellular fluid is composed of ________.
A) interstitial fluid and plasma
B) plasma and intracellular fluid
C) interstitial fluid only
D) plasma only
E) intracellular fluid only
Answer: A
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 9
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Test Bank - Principles of Human Physiology 4th Edition
8 Test Bank for Principles of Human Physiology
35) Total body water is composed of ________.
A) intracellular fluid only
B) extracellular fluid only
C) intracellular and interstitial fluid
D) intracellular and extracellular fluid
E) plasma and intracellular fluid
Answer: D
Diff: 4 Page Ref: 9
36) Where is most of our total body water?
A) in the lumen of the kidneys
B) in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract
C) in blood
D) inside cells
E) surrounding the cells
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 9
37) Which of the following compartments contains most of the water found in the human body?
A) intracellular fluid
B) plasma
C) interstitial fluid
D) extracellular fluid
E) lumen of the intestinal tract
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 9
38) What are the two extracellular fluid compartments of the body?
A) intracellular fluid and interstitial fluid
B) intracellular fluid and plasma
C) intracellular fluid and blood
D) interstitial fluid and plasma
E) interstitial fluid and blood
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 9
39) The portion of body water outside of cells that bathes most cells of the body is called ________.
A) intracellular fluid
B) intercellular fluid
C) interstitial fluid
D) plasma
E) extracellular fluid
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 9
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
