Test Bank for Correctional Counseling and
Rehabilitation, 10e Emily Salisbury, Patricia
Voorhis (All Chapters)
Correctional Counseling and Rehabilitation, 10th ed.
Chapter 1: The Process of Correctional Counseling and Treatment
Discussion Questions
1. What challenges do correctional counselors face that other counselors outside of the field of
corrections may not have to deal with?
2. What are the essential abilities that a correctional counselor or therapist needs to possess?
3. What is Motivational Interviewing and why might it be helpful with people involved in the
justice-system?
4. What is meant by gender-responsivity, and how might it be demonstrated?
5. What are the six basic elements of communication, and how do they relate to the “abilities” in
question 2?
6. What are four ways in which correctional counselors become more sensitive to the ethnic and
cultural diversity of justice-involved people?
7. Discuss the crucial role that both education specialists play as part of the correctional
counseling and treatment team.
True/False Questions
1. The traditional idea of correctional counseling may not be compatible with the legitimate
interests and purposes of helping clients. True
2. We should view counselors as helping professionals who apply their skills and expertise in
correctional and related settings. True
3. In order to develop a sense of timing, the counselor needs to carefully plan the session ahead of
time and play it out exactly as planned. False
4. According to the authors, communication is the lifeblood of relationships. True
5. Risking, in a therapeutic sense, is exemplified by a client committing to a serious effort to
substantially change attitude and behavior patterns. True
, 6. Therapeutic intention may be more important to long-term rehabilitation than immediate
outcomes from treatment. True
7. One of the guiding principles for gender-responsive policies is that gender does not make a
difference in terms of counseling correctional clients. False
8. Meaningful communication most often occurs when we effectively filter people and events
through the mindset of our dominant culture. False
9. Without genuine care and commitment to the helping process, therapeutic outcomes for both
the client and counselor will fall short. True
10. Motivational Interviewing techniques involve the correctional counselor presenting the
arguments for change in order to motivate clients. False
11. Confidentiality is not an issue in the dual role conflict experienced by probation/parole officers.
False
12. To a large extent, institutional counselors are more involved in correctional maintenance than in
correctional treatment. True
13. Typically, a counselor who works in a correctional setting is concerned first with the
rehabilitation and treatment needs of the client, and second with the security/custody needs of
the agency and community. False
14. Parole is perhaps most utilized as an alternative to sentencing juveniles and adults to
correctional facilities. False
15. The roles of probation and parole officers are conflictual in that they must maintain a balance
between enforcing the conditions of probation or parole, yet provide counseling and guidance
services. True
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Which of the following is not a focus of therapeutic intervention that might be utilized by a
counselor?
a. education and employment
b. mental health concerns
c. prison adjustment
d. none of the above***
2. Which of the following is not one of the four essential abilities of counseling, as suggested by
the authors?
a. high-quality therapeutic relationships
b. focus on task at hand***
c. professional humility
d. effective risking
3. Correctional counseling includes which of the following?
a. creating opportunities for personal and social transformation
b. assisting with institutional adjustment
c. encouraging personal reform
, d. all of the above***
4. Counselors who demonstrate the key quality of _________ will persevere in their attempts to
impart in their clients a desire to do the right thing.
a. expectation
b. sense of timing
c. therapeutic intention***
d. contentment
5. Motivational Interviewing is an approach that can be used by correctional counselors to:
a. enhance a client’s intrinsic motivation to change.
b. explore and resolve a client’s ambivalence about change.
c. elicit change talk from a client.
d. all of the above***
6. Parole and probation counseling fall under the _____ category in the correctional setting. a.
institutional
b. community-based***
c. prison environment
d. diversion
7. The primary focus of the institutional counselor known as the _________ is often to help
incarcerated people survive the stresses of prison life.
a. probation officer
b. parole officer
c. case manager
d. prison chaplain***
8. One of the more important roles of the institutional counselor is to:
a. prepare reports for parole boards.
b. initiate revocation proceedings when necessary.
c. assist in the person’s transition to the community. ***
d. none of the above
9. Psychotherapy in the context of correctional counseling includes maintaining the perspective of
therapeutic intention as more important than:
a. effectively incorporating the skills of timing and risking.
b. having a clear, professional identity.
c. the outcome of decreased recidivism rates. ***
d. all of the above
10. The United Nations Economic and Social Council endorses correctional education standards,
including:
a. involving the outside community as fully as possible.
b. access to education for all people who are incarcerated.
c. developing the whole person.
d. all of the above***
, 11. The failure of justice-involved people in mainstream educational settings is often the result of:
a. the “treatment versus security” dilemma.
b. misuse of psychotherapy as treatment.
c. the tendency toward recidivism.
d. unaddressed learning disabilities. ***
12. Which of the following is not one of the four basic categories of treatment programming? a.
reintegration***
b. education
c. recreation
d. psychotherapy
13. Which of the following represents a major problem in the area of correction recreation?
a. an increase in physical conflicts among incarcerated individuals.
b. the inability of physically disabled persons to participate.
c. the perception that the recreation specialist is no more than an activity coordinator.***
d. the current debate about the effectiveness of recreation as treatment.
14. Outward Bound and Youth Wilderness Programs offer system-impacted juveniles opportunities
to engage in socially acceptable group activities. Which of the following is not an opportunity
provided by these programs?
a. money management***
b. physical conditioning
c. team training
d. technical training
15. In treating a client who requires medication to control a mental disorder, which of the following
professionals would be legally qualified to administer such a medication?
a. psychologist
b. clinical social worker
c. psychiatrist***
d. psychometricist
16. Which of the following are measurements of effective counseling?
a. information on recidivism
b. statistics on long-term, post-release follow-up
c. both a and b***
d. neither a nor b
17. The statistical technique of meta-analysis:
a. corrects methodological problems of individual studies.
b. allows the summarizing of results across studies.
c. creates a statistic to gauge effectiveness of program types.
d. all of the above***
18. Practitioners and researchers generally agree that the elements comprising an effective
counseling program include:
Rehabilitation, 10e Emily Salisbury, Patricia
Voorhis (All Chapters)
Correctional Counseling and Rehabilitation, 10th ed.
Chapter 1: The Process of Correctional Counseling and Treatment
Discussion Questions
1. What challenges do correctional counselors face that other counselors outside of the field of
corrections may not have to deal with?
2. What are the essential abilities that a correctional counselor or therapist needs to possess?
3. What is Motivational Interviewing and why might it be helpful with people involved in the
justice-system?
4. What is meant by gender-responsivity, and how might it be demonstrated?
5. What are the six basic elements of communication, and how do they relate to the “abilities” in
question 2?
6. What are four ways in which correctional counselors become more sensitive to the ethnic and
cultural diversity of justice-involved people?
7. Discuss the crucial role that both education specialists play as part of the correctional
counseling and treatment team.
True/False Questions
1. The traditional idea of correctional counseling may not be compatible with the legitimate
interests and purposes of helping clients. True
2. We should view counselors as helping professionals who apply their skills and expertise in
correctional and related settings. True
3. In order to develop a sense of timing, the counselor needs to carefully plan the session ahead of
time and play it out exactly as planned. False
4. According to the authors, communication is the lifeblood of relationships. True
5. Risking, in a therapeutic sense, is exemplified by a client committing to a serious effort to
substantially change attitude and behavior patterns. True
, 6. Therapeutic intention may be more important to long-term rehabilitation than immediate
outcomes from treatment. True
7. One of the guiding principles for gender-responsive policies is that gender does not make a
difference in terms of counseling correctional clients. False
8. Meaningful communication most often occurs when we effectively filter people and events
through the mindset of our dominant culture. False
9. Without genuine care and commitment to the helping process, therapeutic outcomes for both
the client and counselor will fall short. True
10. Motivational Interviewing techniques involve the correctional counselor presenting the
arguments for change in order to motivate clients. False
11. Confidentiality is not an issue in the dual role conflict experienced by probation/parole officers.
False
12. To a large extent, institutional counselors are more involved in correctional maintenance than in
correctional treatment. True
13. Typically, a counselor who works in a correctional setting is concerned first with the
rehabilitation and treatment needs of the client, and second with the security/custody needs of
the agency and community. False
14. Parole is perhaps most utilized as an alternative to sentencing juveniles and adults to
correctional facilities. False
15. The roles of probation and parole officers are conflictual in that they must maintain a balance
between enforcing the conditions of probation or parole, yet provide counseling and guidance
services. True
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Which of the following is not a focus of therapeutic intervention that might be utilized by a
counselor?
a. education and employment
b. mental health concerns
c. prison adjustment
d. none of the above***
2. Which of the following is not one of the four essential abilities of counseling, as suggested by
the authors?
a. high-quality therapeutic relationships
b. focus on task at hand***
c. professional humility
d. effective risking
3. Correctional counseling includes which of the following?
a. creating opportunities for personal and social transformation
b. assisting with institutional adjustment
c. encouraging personal reform
, d. all of the above***
4. Counselors who demonstrate the key quality of _________ will persevere in their attempts to
impart in their clients a desire to do the right thing.
a. expectation
b. sense of timing
c. therapeutic intention***
d. contentment
5. Motivational Interviewing is an approach that can be used by correctional counselors to:
a. enhance a client’s intrinsic motivation to change.
b. explore and resolve a client’s ambivalence about change.
c. elicit change talk from a client.
d. all of the above***
6. Parole and probation counseling fall under the _____ category in the correctional setting. a.
institutional
b. community-based***
c. prison environment
d. diversion
7. The primary focus of the institutional counselor known as the _________ is often to help
incarcerated people survive the stresses of prison life.
a. probation officer
b. parole officer
c. case manager
d. prison chaplain***
8. One of the more important roles of the institutional counselor is to:
a. prepare reports for parole boards.
b. initiate revocation proceedings when necessary.
c. assist in the person’s transition to the community. ***
d. none of the above
9. Psychotherapy in the context of correctional counseling includes maintaining the perspective of
therapeutic intention as more important than:
a. effectively incorporating the skills of timing and risking.
b. having a clear, professional identity.
c. the outcome of decreased recidivism rates. ***
d. all of the above
10. The United Nations Economic and Social Council endorses correctional education standards,
including:
a. involving the outside community as fully as possible.
b. access to education for all people who are incarcerated.
c. developing the whole person.
d. all of the above***
, 11. The failure of justice-involved people in mainstream educational settings is often the result of:
a. the “treatment versus security” dilemma.
b. misuse of psychotherapy as treatment.
c. the tendency toward recidivism.
d. unaddressed learning disabilities. ***
12. Which of the following is not one of the four basic categories of treatment programming? a.
reintegration***
b. education
c. recreation
d. psychotherapy
13. Which of the following represents a major problem in the area of correction recreation?
a. an increase in physical conflicts among incarcerated individuals.
b. the inability of physically disabled persons to participate.
c. the perception that the recreation specialist is no more than an activity coordinator.***
d. the current debate about the effectiveness of recreation as treatment.
14. Outward Bound and Youth Wilderness Programs offer system-impacted juveniles opportunities
to engage in socially acceptable group activities. Which of the following is not an opportunity
provided by these programs?
a. money management***
b. physical conditioning
c. team training
d. technical training
15. In treating a client who requires medication to control a mental disorder, which of the following
professionals would be legally qualified to administer such a medication?
a. psychologist
b. clinical social worker
c. psychiatrist***
d. psychometricist
16. Which of the following are measurements of effective counseling?
a. information on recidivism
b. statistics on long-term, post-release follow-up
c. both a and b***
d. neither a nor b
17. The statistical technique of meta-analysis:
a. corrects methodological problems of individual studies.
b. allows the summarizing of results across studies.
c. creates a statistic to gauge effectiveness of program types.
d. all of the above***
18. Practitioners and researchers generally agree that the elements comprising an effective
counseling program include:
