AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATES
Marketing Defined - ANSWER- the process of creating, pricing, distributing, and
promoting goods, services, and ideas to facilitate satisfying exchange relationships with
customers in a dynamic environment
AMA 2004 definition - ANSWER- Marketing is an organizational function and a set of
processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing
customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders
4 P's - ANSWER- Product - Goods, services, or ideas that satisfy customer needs
Pricing - Decisions and actions that establish pricing objectives and policies and set product
prices
Distribution - The ready, convenient, and timely availability of products
Promotion - Activities that inform customers about the organization and its products
Exchange - ANSWER- The provision or transfer of goods, services, or ideas in return for
something of value
Exchange Conditions - ANSWER- Two or more participants have something of value that
the other party desires.
Exchange provides mutual benefit/satisfaction.
Each party has confidence in the exchange value of the other party's offering.
Each party must meet the expectations of the exchange to become trusted by the other parties.
Stakeholder - ANSWER- Someone who has influence on company or the company on
them
Myopia - ANSWER- nearsightedness, not seeing full picture of possible imagination
, Ex. A railroad company only transferring goods instead of people too.
Contact Points - ANSWER- Successful marketing requires managing and coordinating
marketing messages at every contact point
(i.e. Market to the right demographic for your product)
Unplanned messages - ANSWER- Ex. Dirty parking lot looks bad on company as a whole.
Both planned and unplanned messages are critical and influence customers
Core Competencies - ANSWER- Things a firm does extremely well, which sometimes give
it an advantage over its competition
Market opportunity - ANSWER- A combination of circumstances and timing that permits
an organization to reach a target market
Competitive advantage - ANSWER- The result of a company's matching a core
competency to opportunities in the market place
SWOT analysis - ANSWER- S.trengths
W.eaknesses
O.pportunities
T.hreats
Mission Statement - ANSWER- A long-term view, or vision, of what the organization wants
to become
Answers:
Who are our customers?
What is our core competency?
Marketing Objective - ANSWER- A statement of what is to be accomplished through
marketing activities to match strengths to opportunities, or to provide for the conversation of
weaknesses to strengths