CHEM 1030 FINAL PREMIUM REVIEW SET 2026
TESTED MATERIALS
◉ Acid-Base Neutralization Reaction. Answer: A reaction between
an acid and a base.
The acid donates a proton (H+) to the base:(proton transfer)
Produces a salt and water
Acid + Base→Water + Salt
◉ Hydronium ions. Answer: H3O+ ions, which form when an acid
dissolves in water and H+ ions interact with water
◉ Polyprotic acids. Answer: Acids that can donate more than one
proton
◉ Diprotic acid. Answer: An acid that can donate two protons per
molecule
ex: H2SO4
,◉ Binary Acids. Answer: Acids composed of hydrogen and a
nonmetal
◉ Titration. Answer: A substance in a solution of known
concentration is reacted with another substance in a solution of
unknown concentration
◉ Titration Equivalence Point. Answer: The point in the titration
when the number of moles of OH− equals the number of moles of H+
in solution—the titration is complete
◉ Titration Indicator. Answer: A dye whose color depends on the
acidity or basicity of the solution
Signals Equivalence Point
◉ Gas-Evolution Reaction. Answer: A gas forms, resulting in
bubbling
Many are also acid-base reactions
Some gas-evolution reactions form a gaseous product directly when
the cation of one reactant combines with the anion of the other
while other gas-evolution reactions form an intermediate product
, that then decomposes (breaks down into simpler substances) to
form a gas
◉ Types of compounds that undergo Gas-Evolution reactions.
Answer: Carbonates: CO32-or HCO3-give CO2
◉ Oxidation-Reduction Reactions (Redox). Answer: Reaction of
electron transfer
Consists off: oxidation and reduction
Oxidation: loss of electrons
Reduction: gain of electrons
The oxidizing agent oxidizes something else and is itself reduced.
Example:
2 Na(s) + Cl2(g) → 2 NaCl(s)
Na → Na+ + 1 e-(oxidation, sodium lost electrons; reducing agent,
reductant)
TESTED MATERIALS
◉ Acid-Base Neutralization Reaction. Answer: A reaction between
an acid and a base.
The acid donates a proton (H+) to the base:(proton transfer)
Produces a salt and water
Acid + Base→Water + Salt
◉ Hydronium ions. Answer: H3O+ ions, which form when an acid
dissolves in water and H+ ions interact with water
◉ Polyprotic acids. Answer: Acids that can donate more than one
proton
◉ Diprotic acid. Answer: An acid that can donate two protons per
molecule
ex: H2SO4
,◉ Binary Acids. Answer: Acids composed of hydrogen and a
nonmetal
◉ Titration. Answer: A substance in a solution of known
concentration is reacted with another substance in a solution of
unknown concentration
◉ Titration Equivalence Point. Answer: The point in the titration
when the number of moles of OH− equals the number of moles of H+
in solution—the titration is complete
◉ Titration Indicator. Answer: A dye whose color depends on the
acidity or basicity of the solution
Signals Equivalence Point
◉ Gas-Evolution Reaction. Answer: A gas forms, resulting in
bubbling
Many are also acid-base reactions
Some gas-evolution reactions form a gaseous product directly when
the cation of one reactant combines with the anion of the other
while other gas-evolution reactions form an intermediate product
, that then decomposes (breaks down into simpler substances) to
form a gas
◉ Types of compounds that undergo Gas-Evolution reactions.
Answer: Carbonates: CO32-or HCO3-give CO2
◉ Oxidation-Reduction Reactions (Redox). Answer: Reaction of
electron transfer
Consists off: oxidation and reduction
Oxidation: loss of electrons
Reduction: gain of electrons
The oxidizing agent oxidizes something else and is itself reduced.
Example:
2 Na(s) + Cl2(g) → 2 NaCl(s)
Na → Na+ + 1 e-(oxidation, sodium lost electrons; reducing agent,
reductant)
