SHS 250 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
1. phoneme the smallest unit of sound that can distinguish between morphemes
2. morpheme minimal unit of meaning
3. vowel reduction occurs in unstressed syllables; vowel reduces along the dotted line, usually
moving one step in progression centrally
ex: /i/ to "i" in bit
diphthongs reduce to monophthongs
4. diphthong employs a gradual transition from one vowel-like sound to another
5. allophone variation of a phoneme which does not change meaning
6. complementar rules based on the phonetic environment. 2 allophones will not occur in
y distribution the same phonetic environment; the allophones occur in mutually
exclusive environments. Can be predicted
7. free variation random; allophones can occur in the same environment
8. coarticulation when a sound is produced ditterently because of the influence of
sounds in its phonetic context (neighborhood)
ex: key /ki/, k /k/, cow (rounded back vowel)
9. Assimilation the change of a sound segment whereby it takes on characteristics of
neighboring sounds, becoming similar
10. spreading/ as if the characteristics permeate nearby sounds, 'coloring' them ex: input
shin- gling > imput
11. blending as if the proximity of 2 sounds to each other creates a fusion, in
which a hybrid sound is created (also called co-production) ex: ASU
12. Anticipatory most common in English; occurs when a sound is altered in anticipation
as- similation of the sound to follow ex: gang (velar n)
1/
9
, SHS 250 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
13. retentive a sound retains characteristics of a sound that has preceded it ex: me
(regres- sive (nasalized vowel)
assimilation)
general detail; usually one symbol
14. broad
transcrip-
tion fine detail, more than one symbol; representation of target and variations in
production (diacritics)
15. narrow
transcrip- tion the identification of allophones
16. phonetic
tran- the identification of phonemes
scription
17. phonemic
tran-
scription
18. IPA Internation Phonetic Alphabet; provides cross-linguistic consistency
19. minimal two morphemes dittering in only one sound segment (phoneme) ex: pin
contrast/ vs bin
mini- mal
pairs
20. 3 systems of -respiratory=air source
speech -lungs, trachea, ribcage, abdomen, air passages, thoracic musculature,
produc- tion inhala- tion/expiration
-laryngeal=sound source
-larynx=voice box
-actual sound is produced by vibration of the vocal folds as air sets them
in motion
-larynx is housed between the trachea and the hyoid bone; includes the
2/
9
SOLUTIONS
1. phoneme the smallest unit of sound that can distinguish between morphemes
2. morpheme minimal unit of meaning
3. vowel reduction occurs in unstressed syllables; vowel reduces along the dotted line, usually
moving one step in progression centrally
ex: /i/ to "i" in bit
diphthongs reduce to monophthongs
4. diphthong employs a gradual transition from one vowel-like sound to another
5. allophone variation of a phoneme which does not change meaning
6. complementar rules based on the phonetic environment. 2 allophones will not occur in
y distribution the same phonetic environment; the allophones occur in mutually
exclusive environments. Can be predicted
7. free variation random; allophones can occur in the same environment
8. coarticulation when a sound is produced ditterently because of the influence of
sounds in its phonetic context (neighborhood)
ex: key /ki/, k /k/, cow (rounded back vowel)
9. Assimilation the change of a sound segment whereby it takes on characteristics of
neighboring sounds, becoming similar
10. spreading/ as if the characteristics permeate nearby sounds, 'coloring' them ex: input
shin- gling > imput
11. blending as if the proximity of 2 sounds to each other creates a fusion, in
which a hybrid sound is created (also called co-production) ex: ASU
12. Anticipatory most common in English; occurs when a sound is altered in anticipation
as- similation of the sound to follow ex: gang (velar n)
1/
9
, SHS 250 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
13. retentive a sound retains characteristics of a sound that has preceded it ex: me
(regres- sive (nasalized vowel)
assimilation)
general detail; usually one symbol
14. broad
transcrip-
tion fine detail, more than one symbol; representation of target and variations in
production (diacritics)
15. narrow
transcrip- tion the identification of allophones
16. phonetic
tran- the identification of phonemes
scription
17. phonemic
tran-
scription
18. IPA Internation Phonetic Alphabet; provides cross-linguistic consistency
19. minimal two morphemes dittering in only one sound segment (phoneme) ex: pin
contrast/ vs bin
mini- mal
pairs
20. 3 systems of -respiratory=air source
speech -lungs, trachea, ribcage, abdomen, air passages, thoracic musculature,
produc- tion inhala- tion/expiration
-laryngeal=sound source
-larynx=voice box
-actual sound is produced by vibration of the vocal folds as air sets them
in motion
-larynx is housed between the trachea and the hyoid bone; includes the
2/
9
