Statistics Portage CNSL 503 Exam 1 Questions and Answers |Latest Updated 2025/2026 |Expert Verified

Statistics Portage CNSL 503 Exam 1 Questions and Answers |Latest Updated 2025/2026 |Expert Verified statistics - answer-encompasses the mathematical field that allows us to organize, summarize, describe and interpret different forms of information Statistics involves using mathematical formulas and calculations to understand both small and large sets of information called... - answer-data (singular datum) 3 importances of statistics - answer-1. allows to be described and communicated sufficiently and concisely 2. allows to draw inferences about data 3. equips with necessary tools to make everyday decisions variable - answer-a measurable characteristic that can vary in value Examples of variables - answer-religion, temperature, cancer diagnosis, number of patients in a hospital, job satisfaction Variables can be... - answer-qualitative or quantitative qualitative (categorical) variable - answer-a variable measured in non-numerical terms, using labels or categories; all are discrete Examples of qualitative variables - answer-religion, cancer diagnosisquantitative (numerical) variables - answer-a variable that is measured in numerical terms; can be discrete or continuous Examples of quantitative variables - answer-temperature, number of patients in a hospital discrete variable - answer-can be organized into separate categories or counted using whole numbers Examples of discrete variables - answer-religions, number of patients in a hospital continuous variable - answer-has an infinite number of values between observations Examples of continuous variables - answer-temperature, time experiment - answer-a specific research methodology; aimed at examining cause-effect relationship manipulation - answer-act of having different patients receive different treatments independent variable - answer-variable that is manipulated; variable that is the cause dependent varibale - answer-variable that is the effect; measured after treatment is applied controlled variable - answer-variable that remains unchanged throughout the experiement extraneous variable - answer-a variable that the researcher is not intentionally studying that may influence the dependent variable confounding variable - answer-an extraneous variable that can explain changes in the dependent variable instead of the independent variable Qualitative variables can be either... - answer-nominal or ordinal