275 FINAL EXAM
1. parents bring a child to the clinic and report a "rash" on her knee. On assessment,
the nurse practitioner notes the area to be a reddish-pink lesion covered with silvery
scales. What would the nurse practitioner chart? - CORRECT ANSWER -Psoriasis
2. common, contagious superficial skin infection -lesion, typically on the face, that
itches and burns-initial lesion is a small erythematous macule that canges into vesicle
or bulla with thin roof -lesion crusts with a characteristic honey color from the
exudates as the vesicles or bullae rupture -may have regional lymphadenopathy -
CORRECT ANSWER -impetigo
3. An obese 34 year old man is undergoing a preoperative examination prior to having
bariatric surgery. The patient tells the nurse that he has a red sore in his groin area
that appears to be spreading. The nurse assesses the lesion and finds a macular
erythematous lesion with satellite pustules. What would the nurse suspect? -
CORRECT ANSWER -candida
4. While inspecting the skin of an older adult client, the nurse notes multiple small, flat,
reddish-purple macules. The nurse documents this finding as which of the following?
- CORRECT ANSWER -Petechiae
5. woods lamp - CORRECT ANSWER -used for fungal diagnosis
6. While auscultating the heart at the third intercostal space, left sternal border, the
nurse notes a high-pitched, scratchy sound that increases with exhalation with the
client leaning forward. The nurse would document which of the following? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Pericardial friction rub
,7. During chest auscultation, the nurse hears a quiet murmur immediately upon placing
the stethoscope on the client's chest. The nurse interprets this as which grade? -
CORRECT ANSWER -2
8. A nurse is performing a patient assessment in an urgent care clinic. The most likely
tool being used is the - CORRECT ANSWER -focused
9. A nurse observes a client sitting in the tripod position. What is an appropriate action
by the nurse in response to this observation? - CORRECT ANSWER -Observe for
the use of accessory muscles
10. What is the most important physical sign of acute pericarditis? - CORRECT
ANSWER -Pericardial friction rub
11. A 43-year-old store clerk comes to the office upset because she has found an
enlarged lymph node under her left arm. She states she found it yesterday when she
was feeling pain under her arm during movement. She states the lymph node is
about an inch long and is very painful. She checks her breasts monthly and gets a
yearly mammogram (her last was 2 months ago); until now everything has been
normal. She states she is so upset because her mother died in her 50s of breast
cancer. The client does not smoke, drink, or use illegal drugs. Her father is in good
health. Examination shows a tense woman appearing her stated age. Visual
inspection of her left axilla reveals a tense red area with no surrounding scarring. On
palpation, the examiner feels a 2-cm tender movable lymph node underlying hot
skin. Other shoddy nodes are also in the area. Visualization of both breasts is normal.
Palpation of her right axilla and both bre - CORRECT ANSWER -
Lymphadenopathy of infectious origin
12. When palpating the female breast for masses, the nurse distinguishes which of the
following characteristics as a potentially cancerous mass? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Single, firm, fixed nodule
,13. While examining a client, the nurse observes the client's chest to be barrel shaped.
The nurse would interpret this as indicating which of the following? - CORRECT
ANSWER -Emphysema
14. A 62-year-old construction worker presents to the clinic reporting almost a chronic
cough and occasional shortness of breath that have lasted for almost 1 year.
Although symptoms have occasionally worsened with a cold, they have stayed about
the same. The cough has occasional mucus drainage but never any blood. He denies
any chest pain. He has had no weight gain, weight loss, fever, or night sweats. His
past medical history is significant for high blood pressure and arthritis. He has
smoked two packs a day for the past 45 years. He drinks occasionally but denies any
illegal drug use. He is married with two children. He denies any foreign travel. His
father died of a heart attack and his mother died of Alzheimer's disease. Examination
reveals a man looking slightly older than his stated age. His blood pressure is 130/80
and his pulse is 88. He is breathing comfortably with respirations of 12. His head,
eyes, ears, nos - CORRECT ANSWER -Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)
15. When percussing the posterior lung fields, which of the following findings is
expected? - CORRECT ANSWER -Resonance over all lung fields
16. When describing the cardiac cycle to a group of students, the instructor correlates
heart sounds with events of the cycle. Which heart sound would the instructor
explain as being associated with systole? - CORRECT ANSWER -s1
17. A 73-year-old woman comes to the office for evaluation of new onset of tremors. She
is not taking any medications, herbs, or supplements. She has no chronic medical
conditions. She does not smoke or drink alcohol. She walks into the examination
room with slow, shuffling steps. She has decreased facial mobility with a blunt
expression without any changes in hair distribution on her face. Based on this
description, what is the most likely reason for the client's symptoms? - CORRECT
ANSWER -Parkinson's disease
, 18. Upon inspection of a client's chest, a nurse observes an increase in the anterior
posterior diameter. The nurse recognizes this as a finding in which disease process? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
19. A young adult client has just had X-rays and computed tomography scanning of the
head and neck following a mountain bicycling accident. All results are negative. What
should the nurse assess for next? - CORRECT ANSWER -Range of motion of the
neck
20. A client presents with chest pain described as a pressure and squeezing sensation
that is steady and severe. The nurse would suspect which system as the most likely
source? - CORRECT ANSWER -cardiac
21. A nurse cares for a client who suffered a myocardial infarction two (2) days ago. A
high pitched, scratchy, scraping sound is heard that increase with exhalation and
when the client leans forward. The nurse recognizes this sound as a result of what
process occurring within the pericardium? - CORRECT ANSWER -Inflammation of
the pericardial sac
22. Which subjective finding in a client with tuberculosis should a nurse recognize as an
indication of the onset of pleurisy? - CORRECT ANSWER -Knife-like pain that
worsens on inspiration
23. A 36-year-old teacher presents to your clinic, complaining of sharp, knifelike pain on
the left side of her chest for the last 2 days. Breathing and lying down make the pain
worse, while sitting forward helps her pain. Tylenol and ibuprofen have not helped.
Her pain does not radiate to any other area. She denies any upper respiratory or
gastrointestinal symptoms. Her past medical history consists of systemic lupus. She is
divorced and has one child. She denies any tobacco, alcohol, or drug use. Her mother
has hypothyroidism and her father has high blood pressure. On examination you find
her to be distressed, leaning over and holding her left arm and hand to her left chest.
Her blood pressure is 130/70, her respirations are 12, and her pulse is 90. On
1. parents bring a child to the clinic and report a "rash" on her knee. On assessment,
the nurse practitioner notes the area to be a reddish-pink lesion covered with silvery
scales. What would the nurse practitioner chart? - CORRECT ANSWER -Psoriasis
2. common, contagious superficial skin infection -lesion, typically on the face, that
itches and burns-initial lesion is a small erythematous macule that canges into vesicle
or bulla with thin roof -lesion crusts with a characteristic honey color from the
exudates as the vesicles or bullae rupture -may have regional lymphadenopathy -
CORRECT ANSWER -impetigo
3. An obese 34 year old man is undergoing a preoperative examination prior to having
bariatric surgery. The patient tells the nurse that he has a red sore in his groin area
that appears to be spreading. The nurse assesses the lesion and finds a macular
erythematous lesion with satellite pustules. What would the nurse suspect? -
CORRECT ANSWER -candida
4. While inspecting the skin of an older adult client, the nurse notes multiple small, flat,
reddish-purple macules. The nurse documents this finding as which of the following?
- CORRECT ANSWER -Petechiae
5. woods lamp - CORRECT ANSWER -used for fungal diagnosis
6. While auscultating the heart at the third intercostal space, left sternal border, the
nurse notes a high-pitched, scratchy sound that increases with exhalation with the
client leaning forward. The nurse would document which of the following? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Pericardial friction rub
,7. During chest auscultation, the nurse hears a quiet murmur immediately upon placing
the stethoscope on the client's chest. The nurse interprets this as which grade? -
CORRECT ANSWER -2
8. A nurse is performing a patient assessment in an urgent care clinic. The most likely
tool being used is the - CORRECT ANSWER -focused
9. A nurse observes a client sitting in the tripod position. What is an appropriate action
by the nurse in response to this observation? - CORRECT ANSWER -Observe for
the use of accessory muscles
10. What is the most important physical sign of acute pericarditis? - CORRECT
ANSWER -Pericardial friction rub
11. A 43-year-old store clerk comes to the office upset because she has found an
enlarged lymph node under her left arm. She states she found it yesterday when she
was feeling pain under her arm during movement. She states the lymph node is
about an inch long and is very painful. She checks her breasts monthly and gets a
yearly mammogram (her last was 2 months ago); until now everything has been
normal. She states she is so upset because her mother died in her 50s of breast
cancer. The client does not smoke, drink, or use illegal drugs. Her father is in good
health. Examination shows a tense woman appearing her stated age. Visual
inspection of her left axilla reveals a tense red area with no surrounding scarring. On
palpation, the examiner feels a 2-cm tender movable lymph node underlying hot
skin. Other shoddy nodes are also in the area. Visualization of both breasts is normal.
Palpation of her right axilla and both bre - CORRECT ANSWER -
Lymphadenopathy of infectious origin
12. When palpating the female breast for masses, the nurse distinguishes which of the
following characteristics as a potentially cancerous mass? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Single, firm, fixed nodule
,13. While examining a client, the nurse observes the client's chest to be barrel shaped.
The nurse would interpret this as indicating which of the following? - CORRECT
ANSWER -Emphysema
14. A 62-year-old construction worker presents to the clinic reporting almost a chronic
cough and occasional shortness of breath that have lasted for almost 1 year.
Although symptoms have occasionally worsened with a cold, they have stayed about
the same. The cough has occasional mucus drainage but never any blood. He denies
any chest pain. He has had no weight gain, weight loss, fever, or night sweats. His
past medical history is significant for high blood pressure and arthritis. He has
smoked two packs a day for the past 45 years. He drinks occasionally but denies any
illegal drug use. He is married with two children. He denies any foreign travel. His
father died of a heart attack and his mother died of Alzheimer's disease. Examination
reveals a man looking slightly older than his stated age. His blood pressure is 130/80
and his pulse is 88. He is breathing comfortably with respirations of 12. His head,
eyes, ears, nos - CORRECT ANSWER -Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)
15. When percussing the posterior lung fields, which of the following findings is
expected? - CORRECT ANSWER -Resonance over all lung fields
16. When describing the cardiac cycle to a group of students, the instructor correlates
heart sounds with events of the cycle. Which heart sound would the instructor
explain as being associated with systole? - CORRECT ANSWER -s1
17. A 73-year-old woman comes to the office for evaluation of new onset of tremors. She
is not taking any medications, herbs, or supplements. She has no chronic medical
conditions. She does not smoke or drink alcohol. She walks into the examination
room with slow, shuffling steps. She has decreased facial mobility with a blunt
expression without any changes in hair distribution on her face. Based on this
description, what is the most likely reason for the client's symptoms? - CORRECT
ANSWER -Parkinson's disease
, 18. Upon inspection of a client's chest, a nurse observes an increase in the anterior
posterior diameter. The nurse recognizes this as a finding in which disease process? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
19. A young adult client has just had X-rays and computed tomography scanning of the
head and neck following a mountain bicycling accident. All results are negative. What
should the nurse assess for next? - CORRECT ANSWER -Range of motion of the
neck
20. A client presents with chest pain described as a pressure and squeezing sensation
that is steady and severe. The nurse would suspect which system as the most likely
source? - CORRECT ANSWER -cardiac
21. A nurse cares for a client who suffered a myocardial infarction two (2) days ago. A
high pitched, scratchy, scraping sound is heard that increase with exhalation and
when the client leans forward. The nurse recognizes this sound as a result of what
process occurring within the pericardium? - CORRECT ANSWER -Inflammation of
the pericardial sac
22. Which subjective finding in a client with tuberculosis should a nurse recognize as an
indication of the onset of pleurisy? - CORRECT ANSWER -Knife-like pain that
worsens on inspiration
23. A 36-year-old teacher presents to your clinic, complaining of sharp, knifelike pain on
the left side of her chest for the last 2 days. Breathing and lying down make the pain
worse, while sitting forward helps her pain. Tylenol and ibuprofen have not helped.
Her pain does not radiate to any other area. She denies any upper respiratory or
gastrointestinal symptoms. Her past medical history consists of systemic lupus. She is
divorced and has one child. She denies any tobacco, alcohol, or drug use. Her mother
has hypothyroidism and her father has high blood pressure. On examination you find
her to be distressed, leaning over and holding her left arm and hand to her left chest.
Her blood pressure is 130/70, her respirations are 12, and her pulse is 90. On
