George Washington University

Construct a constructivist response, showing that the chemical weapons norm is deeply rooted in political culture through a response to the realist objection focusing on Syria. How does the Syria case, in other words, show that there is a deeply rooted international norm against the use of chemical weapons.

Thomas Schelling's Arms and Influence suggests that uncertainty is a major driver of conflict in international relations. Instead of coercion and a world of uncertainty, what would a world of brute force be like instead? Why or why not? In answering the question, it may help to respond to the following sub-questions: What does Schelling mean by uncertainty and what is its relation to risk? How does uncertainty enable coercion?

1. Are there contemporary institutions that enable deliberations such as those held by the league during its heyday? What are those institutions? How do they enable discussion to replace the use of force? 2. The Congress dissolved because of problems of mistrust. As Russian and British power waxed and waned, they changed their estimates of the threat posed by the other. Does the fact that the balance of power mattered for successful deliberation undermine the claim that under certain conditi...

Select a great power war that was not discussed in the readings from Part 1. Some examples are below. For this great power war, identify (a) the polarity of the system and (b) whether the polarity of the system may have contributed to the war. (Part A) A brief synopsis of the War of the Austrian Succession: (Part B) Polarity contributing to the War of the Austrian Succession:

The Origins of American Foreign Policy (01.19.2017) Isolation and Expansionism (01.24.2017) Laying the Foundations of Empire 1865-98 (01.26.2017) The Spanish-American-Cuban-Philippines War (01.31.2017) The Open Door Policy (02.02.2017) Theodore Roosevelt and World Order (02.07.2017) The Dollar Diplomacy (02.09.2017) Woodrow Wilson, Revolution and War (02.14.2017) Wilson, Versailles and the League of Nations (02.16.2017) American Entry into World War II (02.23.2017) World War II and the...

Policy memo SUBJECT: RE: Iranian Arms Deal and Contra’s in Nicaragua

Throughout the Cold War, U.S. foreign policy had a keen focus on the Soviet Union and its threatening ideologies. Upon the assumption of power by Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet Union realized concurrent changes in their government in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s. Equally so, a dramatic shift was witnessed in U.S. foreign policy, which included a new focus on the creation of better relations with the Soviet Union. While the United States maintained a fervent desire to repress Communism ...

International Affairs: National Security, Foreign Policy and Intelligence Policy It has been found that prior to the 9/11 attacks, that the United States’ intelligence communities faced a number of issues, which contributed to the non- prevention of attacks on U.S. soil and Americans abroad. During the years leading up to the 9/11 terrorist attack, there were specific problems within multiple agencies and counterterrorism units within the intelligence community.

International Affairs: National Security, Foreign Policy and Intelligence Policy Violent Islamist Extremism has become a threat to people in almost all parts of the globe. In the past 20 years, there have be countless attacks on innocent people of all genders, races, religion, etc. and on multiple occasions, the U.S. has had citizens murdered at the hands of Violent Islamist Extremists.

International Affairs: National Security, Foreign Policy and Intelligence Policy Prior to 9/11 there were issues concerning communication throughout the U.S. government. Specifically, there were issues with communications between the White House, Intelligence community and the Military....