Imperial College London (ICL)

separation goals for microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis. A reverse osmosis membrane has a salt rejection of 95% A 5% solution of sucrose (Mw = 342.2) is concentrated using a tubular nanofiltration membrane

functional group for cation-exchange membranes Show typical plot of current vs. voltage for electrodialysis A 25-micron cellophane membrane is used in an artificial kidney Surface water containing a sodium chloride concentration of 1 g/1 is desalted with electrodialysis to 200 ppm for irrigation. In an elecrodialysis, the current density (i) and voltage (electrical potential E) values

polymers for commercial pervaporation applications Calculate the plasticization constant of water concentration profiles of water in the pervaporation experiment. The ethanol flux and 2) The ethanol wt. % in the permeate at this temperature

simplified model with the analytical solution, Calculate the permeate and feed flow rate Qp/Qf (stage-cut) and the permeation area factor  : Make two plots, one for Xp and the other for Qp/Qf, Calculate the membrane area A and the permeate flow rate Qp for the case Plot Xp and Qp separately as a function of membrane area

two types of glassy polymers for gas separation, typical plots for permeability, diffusivity, and solubility to Membrane-based oxygenators are frequently used as a heart-lung device

three polymers most commonly used in the preparation of microporous membranes via phase inversion for ultrafiltration and microfiltration steps in the membrane preparation via the phase inversion technique typical phase diagrams, including composition paths

pressure in gas separation, the separation factor can be expressed as the permeability ratio, polyimide membrane process to recover hydrogen from a refinery waste stream, prove that the true separation factor ij is related to * ij in the following equation

By the use of a Langmuir-Blodgett method, very thin films can be prepared, and this method may be useful for high selectivity but low permeability polymers. selectivity and oxygen flux for the special polymer layer, oxygen fluxes and oxygen/nitrogen separation factors

Give the cyclic monomer(s), initiator, and reaction conditions Discuss the effect of ring size on the tendency of a cyclic monomer toward ring opening polymerization. Describe by an equation the mechanism for the propagation step in this polymerization Explain why propagation is faster in less polar solvent.