2026 Community HESI Study Guide |
Public Health Nursing Review & High-
Yield Community Care Concepts
Scopolamine (Transderm-V) -CORRECTANSWER Medication used to control motion
sickness. Must be taken prior to the onset of nausea and vomiting. Most effective if
taken 12 hours before expected travel or activity. Skin patch is applied behind the ear.
Indirect transmission -CORRECTANSWER Involves the spread of infection through an
intermediate source, such as vehicles, fomites, or vectors. Example: contracting malaria
following exposure in a mosquito-infested area.
Direct transmission -CORRECTANSWER The spread of an infection through person-to-
person contact and is characterized by portals of exit and entry.
Windshield survey -CORRECTANSWER Making systematic observations from a
moving vehicle. The nurse drives through neighborhoods viewing homes, stores,
churches, air quality, etc. which gives the nurse the best initial overview of the residents
and a sense of their community. Gives nurse impression of the type of housing, the
approximate age of the housing, and the condition of the housing and yards.
Secondary Prevention -CORRECTANSWER Health screenings are a mainstay of this
type of prevention which focuses on health promotion. Screenings aid in early
,detection/diagnosis and treatment of disease. Implementing interventions aimed at a
cure or reducing the progress of a disease. Focuses on reducing the intensity and
duration of a crisis. Example: PAP Smear
Primary prevention -CORRECTANSWER Health-promoting activities (immunizations,
wearing protective devices to prevent injury, education about health promotion
activities) designed to reduce the potential for illness before it occurs, such as
immunizations. Keeping the crisis from occurring. Examples: Use of barrier
contraceptives, vaccinations.
Tertiary prevention -CORRECTANSWER Includes interventions aimed at disability
limitation and rehabilitation from disease, injury, or disability. Minimizes the
consequences of a disorder or illness once it has developed through aggressive
management or rehabilitation. Also applies to disaster relief efforts involving the
reduction of the amount and degree of disability, injury, and damage after a crisis.
Home health visits -CORRECTANSWER Scheduled during daylight hours to ensure
safety of the client and the nurse, identification name tag are required to be worn during
client care, visits can be made with another home care provider.
Health conditions related to the growth of industrial workforce -CORRECTANSWER
Asthma and lung cancer are triggered or worsened by airborne substances, such as
tobacco smoke, ozone, and other particles and/or chemicals.
,Goals -CORRECTANSWER Intended to be expressed in specific outcomes that provide
direction toward interventions and determine change in measurable terms.
Outcome statements -CORRECTANSWER Include past or present events with specific
quantitative expectations with a time frame. Example: Within 2 years, students with a
body mass index greater than 95% will be reduced by 50%.
Lillian Wald -CORRECTANSWER Known for her work in public health. She developed
the first nursing service for occupational health, established The Associated Alumnae of
Training Schools for Nurses-later developed into the ANA and the NLN, and instituted a
sliding scale fee for service.
Low-birth weight infants -CORRECTANSWER The incidence is twice as high for
African-American births than Caucasian births. This is an example of a non-modifiable
risk factor of ethnicity.
Modifiable risk factors -CORRECTANSWER Examples are cigarette smoking, poor
nutritional status, and limited education.
Data useful in developing community healthcare plans -CORRECTANSWER Census
data, risk management, budgeting process information, client satisfaction surveys, and
data about changes in the community's demographics.
, Health People 20/20 -CORRECTANSWER Leading health indicators: reduced cigarette
smoking, exercising for 30 minutes a day, access to health services, improving social
determinants (graduating high school).
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease -CORRECTANSWER Include nonmodifiable
variables, such as gender, family history, and race, and modifiable variables, such as
underlying diseases as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and obesity,
smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and stress.
Lifestyle changes to manage hypertension -CORRECTANSWER In order of
effectiveness: Weight loss, DASH diet, salt restriction, and avoiding alcohol.
Physical characteristics of aging that contributes to developing decubitus ulcers -
CORRECTANSWER Thinning of the skin with loss of elasticity.
Transtheoretical Model -CORRECTANSWER Assesses an individual's readiness to act
on a new healthier behavior, and provides stategies, or processes of change to guide
the individual through the stages of change: Pre-contemplation, Contemplation,
Preparation,
Action, Maintenance, and Termination.
Pre-contemplation -CORRECTANSWER Not yet acknowledging there is a problem.
Public Health Nursing Review & High-
Yield Community Care Concepts
Scopolamine (Transderm-V) -CORRECTANSWER Medication used to control motion
sickness. Must be taken prior to the onset of nausea and vomiting. Most effective if
taken 12 hours before expected travel or activity. Skin patch is applied behind the ear.
Indirect transmission -CORRECTANSWER Involves the spread of infection through an
intermediate source, such as vehicles, fomites, or vectors. Example: contracting malaria
following exposure in a mosquito-infested area.
Direct transmission -CORRECTANSWER The spread of an infection through person-to-
person contact and is characterized by portals of exit and entry.
Windshield survey -CORRECTANSWER Making systematic observations from a
moving vehicle. The nurse drives through neighborhoods viewing homes, stores,
churches, air quality, etc. which gives the nurse the best initial overview of the residents
and a sense of their community. Gives nurse impression of the type of housing, the
approximate age of the housing, and the condition of the housing and yards.
Secondary Prevention -CORRECTANSWER Health screenings are a mainstay of this
type of prevention which focuses on health promotion. Screenings aid in early
,detection/diagnosis and treatment of disease. Implementing interventions aimed at a
cure or reducing the progress of a disease. Focuses on reducing the intensity and
duration of a crisis. Example: PAP Smear
Primary prevention -CORRECTANSWER Health-promoting activities (immunizations,
wearing protective devices to prevent injury, education about health promotion
activities) designed to reduce the potential for illness before it occurs, such as
immunizations. Keeping the crisis from occurring. Examples: Use of barrier
contraceptives, vaccinations.
Tertiary prevention -CORRECTANSWER Includes interventions aimed at disability
limitation and rehabilitation from disease, injury, or disability. Minimizes the
consequences of a disorder or illness once it has developed through aggressive
management or rehabilitation. Also applies to disaster relief efforts involving the
reduction of the amount and degree of disability, injury, and damage after a crisis.
Home health visits -CORRECTANSWER Scheduled during daylight hours to ensure
safety of the client and the nurse, identification name tag are required to be worn during
client care, visits can be made with another home care provider.
Health conditions related to the growth of industrial workforce -CORRECTANSWER
Asthma and lung cancer are triggered or worsened by airborne substances, such as
tobacco smoke, ozone, and other particles and/or chemicals.
,Goals -CORRECTANSWER Intended to be expressed in specific outcomes that provide
direction toward interventions and determine change in measurable terms.
Outcome statements -CORRECTANSWER Include past or present events with specific
quantitative expectations with a time frame. Example: Within 2 years, students with a
body mass index greater than 95% will be reduced by 50%.
Lillian Wald -CORRECTANSWER Known for her work in public health. She developed
the first nursing service for occupational health, established The Associated Alumnae of
Training Schools for Nurses-later developed into the ANA and the NLN, and instituted a
sliding scale fee for service.
Low-birth weight infants -CORRECTANSWER The incidence is twice as high for
African-American births than Caucasian births. This is an example of a non-modifiable
risk factor of ethnicity.
Modifiable risk factors -CORRECTANSWER Examples are cigarette smoking, poor
nutritional status, and limited education.
Data useful in developing community healthcare plans -CORRECTANSWER Census
data, risk management, budgeting process information, client satisfaction surveys, and
data about changes in the community's demographics.
, Health People 20/20 -CORRECTANSWER Leading health indicators: reduced cigarette
smoking, exercising for 30 minutes a day, access to health services, improving social
determinants (graduating high school).
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease -CORRECTANSWER Include nonmodifiable
variables, such as gender, family history, and race, and modifiable variables, such as
underlying diseases as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and obesity,
smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and stress.
Lifestyle changes to manage hypertension -CORRECTANSWER In order of
effectiveness: Weight loss, DASH diet, salt restriction, and avoiding alcohol.
Physical characteristics of aging that contributes to developing decubitus ulcers -
CORRECTANSWER Thinning of the skin with loss of elasticity.
Transtheoretical Model -CORRECTANSWER Assesses an individual's readiness to act
on a new healthier behavior, and provides stategies, or processes of change to guide
the individual through the stages of change: Pre-contemplation, Contemplation,
Preparation,
Action, Maintenance, and Termination.
Pre-contemplation -CORRECTANSWER Not yet acknowledging there is a problem.
