GRAY'S ANATOMY FOR STUDENTS
5TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)RICHARD L. DRAKE
TEST BANK
1)
Reference
Ch. 1 — What is anatomy?
Stem
A junior clinician must explain to a patient why studying surface
anatomy matters before a central line insertion. The clinician
points to surface landmarks to estimate the location of the
internal jugular vein and carotid artery. Which anatomical
reasoning best explains why surface anatomy can reliably guide
the clinician’s approach while also highlighting a safety
concern?
Options
A. Surface landmarks correlate with underlying bony and
vascular relationships but are invariant between individuals, so
landmarks guarantee safe cannulation.
,B. Surface anatomy approximates underlying structures
because superficial landmarks align with deeper fascial
compartments; however, variation and arterial proximity
demand ultrasound confirmation.
C. Surface anatomy only shows skin features and is unrelated to
deep vascular anatomy, so it should not be used for procedural
planning.
D. Surface anatomy is a historical teaching tool with no clinical
utility compared with imaging and should be abandoned.
Correct answer
B
Rationale — Correct (3–4 sentences)
Surface anatomy links external landmarks to deeper fascial
planes and vascular/bony relationships; this permits educated,
rapid estimation of the internal jugular’s course relative to the
sternocleidomastoid and carotid artery. Gray’s emphasizes that
surface landmarks are practical guides but also warns of
individual variability and the close relationship of artery and
vein—hence the safety-first recommendation to use ultrasound
when available. This answer integrates structure→function and
procedural risk. Alignment with Gray’s Anatomy for Students
(5th Ed.).
Rationale — Incorrect
A. Overstates invariance; individual anatomical variation makes
landmarks helpful but not guaranteeing safety.
C. Incorrect — surface anatomy does correspond to deep
,structures and has clinical value.
D. Incorrect — while imaging is superior, Gray’s supports
continued teaching of surface anatomy as clinically relevant.
Teaching point
Surface landmarks guide but do not replace ultrasound; expect
individual variation.
Citation
Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2)
Reference
Ch. 1 — Imaging
Stem
A patient with suspected pneumothorax arrives in ED. The
resident must decide between chest X-ray (CXR) and bedside
ultrasound for rapid diagnosis. Considering functional anatomy
and imaging physics, which choice and reasoning is most
appropriate?
Options
A. CXR is preferable because it detects even tiny pleural air
collections better than ultrasound.
B. Ultrasound is more sensitive for detecting pneumothorax at
the bedside because it visualizes the pleural line and absence of
lung sliding even when CXR is equivocal.
C. MRI is the fastest and most practical option in the emergency
, setting to detect pleural air.
D. CT is always necessary because both CXR and ultrasound are
incapable of detecting pneumothorax.
Correct answer
B
Rationale — Correct (3–4 sentences)
Bedside ultrasound directly images pleural apposition and lung
sliding; loss of lung sliding and the ‘lung point’ sign are highly
sensitive for pneumothorax and can be performed rapidly at
the bedside. Gray’s imaging principles link modality physics to
clinical utility: ultrasound excels for superficial pleural
evaluation while CXR can miss small pneumothoraces,
especially supine. Choice B integrates anatomy (visceral/parietal
pleura) with imaging capability. Alignment with Gray’s Anatomy
for Students (5th Ed.).
Rationale — Incorrect
A. Incorrect — CXR, especially supine, can miss small
pneumothoraces.
C. MRI is neither fast nor practical emergently and poorly
images air.
D. False — CT is sensitive but not always necessary given
ultrasound’s high bedside sensitivity.
Teaching point
Ultrasound rapidly detects pneumothorax by assessing pleural
sliding and lung point.
5TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)RICHARD L. DRAKE
TEST BANK
1)
Reference
Ch. 1 — What is anatomy?
Stem
A junior clinician must explain to a patient why studying surface
anatomy matters before a central line insertion. The clinician
points to surface landmarks to estimate the location of the
internal jugular vein and carotid artery. Which anatomical
reasoning best explains why surface anatomy can reliably guide
the clinician’s approach while also highlighting a safety
concern?
Options
A. Surface landmarks correlate with underlying bony and
vascular relationships but are invariant between individuals, so
landmarks guarantee safe cannulation.
,B. Surface anatomy approximates underlying structures
because superficial landmarks align with deeper fascial
compartments; however, variation and arterial proximity
demand ultrasound confirmation.
C. Surface anatomy only shows skin features and is unrelated to
deep vascular anatomy, so it should not be used for procedural
planning.
D. Surface anatomy is a historical teaching tool with no clinical
utility compared with imaging and should be abandoned.
Correct answer
B
Rationale — Correct (3–4 sentences)
Surface anatomy links external landmarks to deeper fascial
planes and vascular/bony relationships; this permits educated,
rapid estimation of the internal jugular’s course relative to the
sternocleidomastoid and carotid artery. Gray’s emphasizes that
surface landmarks are practical guides but also warns of
individual variability and the close relationship of artery and
vein—hence the safety-first recommendation to use ultrasound
when available. This answer integrates structure→function and
procedural risk. Alignment with Gray’s Anatomy for Students
(5th Ed.).
Rationale — Incorrect
A. Overstates invariance; individual anatomical variation makes
landmarks helpful but not guaranteeing safety.
C. Incorrect — surface anatomy does correspond to deep
,structures and has clinical value.
D. Incorrect — while imaging is superior, Gray’s supports
continued teaching of surface anatomy as clinically relevant.
Teaching point
Surface landmarks guide but do not replace ultrasound; expect
individual variation.
Citation
Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2)
Reference
Ch. 1 — Imaging
Stem
A patient with suspected pneumothorax arrives in ED. The
resident must decide between chest X-ray (CXR) and bedside
ultrasound for rapid diagnosis. Considering functional anatomy
and imaging physics, which choice and reasoning is most
appropriate?
Options
A. CXR is preferable because it detects even tiny pleural air
collections better than ultrasound.
B. Ultrasound is more sensitive for detecting pneumothorax at
the bedside because it visualizes the pleural line and absence of
lung sliding even when CXR is equivocal.
C. MRI is the fastest and most practical option in the emergency
, setting to detect pleural air.
D. CT is always necessary because both CXR and ultrasound are
incapable of detecting pneumothorax.
Correct answer
B
Rationale — Correct (3–4 sentences)
Bedside ultrasound directly images pleural apposition and lung
sliding; loss of lung sliding and the ‘lung point’ sign are highly
sensitive for pneumothorax and can be performed rapidly at
the bedside. Gray’s imaging principles link modality physics to
clinical utility: ultrasound excels for superficial pleural
evaluation while CXR can miss small pneumothoraces,
especially supine. Choice B integrates anatomy (visceral/parietal
pleura) with imaging capability. Alignment with Gray’s Anatomy
for Students (5th Ed.).
Rationale — Incorrect
A. Incorrect — CXR, especially supine, can miss small
pneumothoraces.
C. MRI is neither fast nor practical emergently and poorly
images air.
D. False — CT is sensitive but not always necessary given
ultrasound’s high bedside sensitivity.
Teaching point
Ultrasound rapidly detects pneumothorax by assessing pleural
sliding and lung point.
