PSYC 375- FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
behaviour therapy - Answer -The use of learning principles in treating behavioral or
emotional problems.
Jean-Martin Charcot - Answer -Unlike most of the physicians of his day, concluded that
hysteria was a real disorder. He theorized the inherited predisposition toward hysteria
could become actualized when traumatic experience or hypnotic suggestion causes an
idea or a complex of ideas to become dissociated from consciousness. Isolated from
rational control, such dissociated ideas become powerful enough to cause the
symptoms associated with hysteria, for example, paralysi
Marquis de Puységur - Answer -Found that placing patients in a sleeplike trance was
as effective in alleviating ailments as was Mesmer's approach, which necessitated a
crisis. He also discovered a number of basic hypnotic phenomena.
approach-approach conflict - Answer -According to Lewin, the type of conflict that
occurs when a person is attracted to two goals at the same time.
Dorothea Lynde Dix - Answer -Caused several states (and foreign countries) to reform
their facilities for treating mental illness by making them more avail- able to those
needing them and more humane in their treatment.
Hippocrates - Answer -Argued that all mental and physical disorders had natural
causes and that treatment of such disorders should consist of such things as rest,
proper diet, and exercise.
Pierre Janet - Answer -Like Charcot, theorized that components of the personality,
such as traumatic memories, could become dissociated from the rest of the personality
and that these dissociated components are responsible for the symptoms of hysteria
and for hypnotic phenomena
Emil Kraepelin - Answer -Published a list of categories of mental illness in 1883. Until
recent times, many clinicians used this list to diagnose mental illness. Today the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2000) serves the same purpose.
Kraepelin was also a pioneer in the field known today as psychopharmacology.
Franz Anton Mesmer - Answer -Used what he thought were his strong magnetic
powers to redistribute the magnetic fields of his patients, thus curing them of their
ailments.
Philippe Pinel - Answer -Among the first, in modern times, to view people with mental
illness as sick people rather than criminals, beasts, or possessed individuals. In the
asylums of which he was in charge, Pinel ordered that patients be unchained and
,treated with kindness in a peaceful atmosphere. Pinel was also responsible for many
innovations in the treatment and understanding of mental illness.
Benjamin Rush - Answer -Often called the first U.S. psychiatrist. Rush advocated the
humane treatment of people with mental illness but still clung to some earlier
treatments, such as bloodletting and the use of rotating chairs.
Lightner Witmer - Answer -Considered to be the founder of clinical psychology.
Thomas Szasz - Answer -Psychiatrist best known for his book, The Myth of Mental
Illness, which reconsiders how abnormality should be understood and treated in the
current era.
animal magnetism - Answer -A force that Mesmer and others believed is evenly
distributed throughout the bodies of healthy people and unevenly distributed in the
bodies of unhealthy people.
artificial somnambulism - Answer -The sleeplike trance that Puysegur created in his
patients. It was later called a hypnotic trance.
contagion effect - Answer -The tendency for people to be more susceptible to
suggestion when in a group than when alone.
homeopathic magic - Answer -The type of sympathetic magic involving the belief that
doing something to a likeness of a person will influence that person
Nancy school - Answer -A group of physicians who believed that because all humans
are suggestible, all humans can be hypnotized.
medical model of mental illness - Answer -The assumption that mental illness results
from such biological causes as brain damage, impaired neural transmissions, or bio-
chemical abnormalities.
posthypnotic amnesia - Answer -The tendency for a person to forget what happens to
him or her while under hypnosis.
natural law - Answer -The belief prevalent in the 18th century that undesirable or sinful
behavior has negative consequences such as mental or physical disease or poverty,
and virtuous behavior has positive consequences such as good health or prosperity
posthypnotic suggestion - Answer -A suggestion that a person receives while under
hypnosis and acts on when he or she is again in the waking state.
supernatural model of mental illness - Answer -The assumption that mental illness is
caused by malicious, spiritual entities entering the body or by the will of God.
, sympathetic magic - Answer -The belief that by influencing things that are similar to a
person or that were once close to that person, one can influence the person.
trephination - Answer -The technique of chipping or drilling holes in a person's skull,
presumably used by primitive humans to allow evil spirits to escape.
Alfred Adler - Answer -An early follower of Freud who left the Freudian camp and
created his own theory of personality, which emphasized the conscious mind and the
individual creation of a worldview, guiding fictions, and a lifestyle in order to overcome
feelings of inferiority and to seek perfection.
Joseph Breuer - Answer -The person Freud credited with the founding of
psychoanalysis. Breuer discovered that when the memory of a traumatic event is
recalled under deep relaxation or hypnosis, there is a release of emotional energy
(catharsis) and the symptoms caused by the repressed memory are relieved.
Anna Freud - Answer -Became the official spokes- person for psychoanalysis after her
father's death. In addition to perpetuating traditional psychoanalytic concepts, she
extended them into new areas such as child psychology, education, and child rearing.
By elaborating on autonomous ego functions, she encouraged the development of ego
psychology.
Sigmund Freud - Answer -The founder of psychoanalysis, a school of psychology that
stresses the conflict between the animalistic impulses possessed by humans and the
human desire to live in a civilized society.
Karen Horney - Answer -Trained in the Freudian tradition, she later broke away from
the Freudians and created her own theory of mental disorders that emphasized cultural
rather than biological (such as sexual) causes.
Melanie Klein - Answer -An early child analyst whose theory emphasized the
importance of the mother-child relationship and the development of the superego during
the oral stage of development. By using play therapy, Klein believed that child analysis
could begin as early as two years of age. Klein's ideas concerning the psychology of
children were often in conflict with those of Anna Freud.
Carl Jung - Answer -An early follower of Freud who eventually broke with him because
of Freud's emphasis on sexual motivation. Jung developed his own theory, which
emphasized the collective unconscious and self-actualization.
altruistic surrender - Answer -An ego defense mechanism, postulated by Anna Freud,
whereby a person avoids personal anxiety by vicariously living the life of another
person.
anxiety - Answer -The feeling of impending danger. Freud distinguished three types of
anxiety: objective anxiety, which is caused by a physical danger; neurotic anxiety, which
behaviour therapy - Answer -The use of learning principles in treating behavioral or
emotional problems.
Jean-Martin Charcot - Answer -Unlike most of the physicians of his day, concluded that
hysteria was a real disorder. He theorized the inherited predisposition toward hysteria
could become actualized when traumatic experience or hypnotic suggestion causes an
idea or a complex of ideas to become dissociated from consciousness. Isolated from
rational control, such dissociated ideas become powerful enough to cause the
symptoms associated with hysteria, for example, paralysi
Marquis de Puységur - Answer -Found that placing patients in a sleeplike trance was
as effective in alleviating ailments as was Mesmer's approach, which necessitated a
crisis. He also discovered a number of basic hypnotic phenomena.
approach-approach conflict - Answer -According to Lewin, the type of conflict that
occurs when a person is attracted to two goals at the same time.
Dorothea Lynde Dix - Answer -Caused several states (and foreign countries) to reform
their facilities for treating mental illness by making them more avail- able to those
needing them and more humane in their treatment.
Hippocrates - Answer -Argued that all mental and physical disorders had natural
causes and that treatment of such disorders should consist of such things as rest,
proper diet, and exercise.
Pierre Janet - Answer -Like Charcot, theorized that components of the personality,
such as traumatic memories, could become dissociated from the rest of the personality
and that these dissociated components are responsible for the symptoms of hysteria
and for hypnotic phenomena
Emil Kraepelin - Answer -Published a list of categories of mental illness in 1883. Until
recent times, many clinicians used this list to diagnose mental illness. Today the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2000) serves the same purpose.
Kraepelin was also a pioneer in the field known today as psychopharmacology.
Franz Anton Mesmer - Answer -Used what he thought were his strong magnetic
powers to redistribute the magnetic fields of his patients, thus curing them of their
ailments.
Philippe Pinel - Answer -Among the first, in modern times, to view people with mental
illness as sick people rather than criminals, beasts, or possessed individuals. In the
asylums of which he was in charge, Pinel ordered that patients be unchained and
,treated with kindness in a peaceful atmosphere. Pinel was also responsible for many
innovations in the treatment and understanding of mental illness.
Benjamin Rush - Answer -Often called the first U.S. psychiatrist. Rush advocated the
humane treatment of people with mental illness but still clung to some earlier
treatments, such as bloodletting and the use of rotating chairs.
Lightner Witmer - Answer -Considered to be the founder of clinical psychology.
Thomas Szasz - Answer -Psychiatrist best known for his book, The Myth of Mental
Illness, which reconsiders how abnormality should be understood and treated in the
current era.
animal magnetism - Answer -A force that Mesmer and others believed is evenly
distributed throughout the bodies of healthy people and unevenly distributed in the
bodies of unhealthy people.
artificial somnambulism - Answer -The sleeplike trance that Puysegur created in his
patients. It was later called a hypnotic trance.
contagion effect - Answer -The tendency for people to be more susceptible to
suggestion when in a group than when alone.
homeopathic magic - Answer -The type of sympathetic magic involving the belief that
doing something to a likeness of a person will influence that person
Nancy school - Answer -A group of physicians who believed that because all humans
are suggestible, all humans can be hypnotized.
medical model of mental illness - Answer -The assumption that mental illness results
from such biological causes as brain damage, impaired neural transmissions, or bio-
chemical abnormalities.
posthypnotic amnesia - Answer -The tendency for a person to forget what happens to
him or her while under hypnosis.
natural law - Answer -The belief prevalent in the 18th century that undesirable or sinful
behavior has negative consequences such as mental or physical disease or poverty,
and virtuous behavior has positive consequences such as good health or prosperity
posthypnotic suggestion - Answer -A suggestion that a person receives while under
hypnosis and acts on when he or she is again in the waking state.
supernatural model of mental illness - Answer -The assumption that mental illness is
caused by malicious, spiritual entities entering the body or by the will of God.
, sympathetic magic - Answer -The belief that by influencing things that are similar to a
person or that were once close to that person, one can influence the person.
trephination - Answer -The technique of chipping or drilling holes in a person's skull,
presumably used by primitive humans to allow evil spirits to escape.
Alfred Adler - Answer -An early follower of Freud who left the Freudian camp and
created his own theory of personality, which emphasized the conscious mind and the
individual creation of a worldview, guiding fictions, and a lifestyle in order to overcome
feelings of inferiority and to seek perfection.
Joseph Breuer - Answer -The person Freud credited with the founding of
psychoanalysis. Breuer discovered that when the memory of a traumatic event is
recalled under deep relaxation or hypnosis, there is a release of emotional energy
(catharsis) and the symptoms caused by the repressed memory are relieved.
Anna Freud - Answer -Became the official spokes- person for psychoanalysis after her
father's death. In addition to perpetuating traditional psychoanalytic concepts, she
extended them into new areas such as child psychology, education, and child rearing.
By elaborating on autonomous ego functions, she encouraged the development of ego
psychology.
Sigmund Freud - Answer -The founder of psychoanalysis, a school of psychology that
stresses the conflict between the animalistic impulses possessed by humans and the
human desire to live in a civilized society.
Karen Horney - Answer -Trained in the Freudian tradition, she later broke away from
the Freudians and created her own theory of mental disorders that emphasized cultural
rather than biological (such as sexual) causes.
Melanie Klein - Answer -An early child analyst whose theory emphasized the
importance of the mother-child relationship and the development of the superego during
the oral stage of development. By using play therapy, Klein believed that child analysis
could begin as early as two years of age. Klein's ideas concerning the psychology of
children were often in conflict with those of Anna Freud.
Carl Jung - Answer -An early follower of Freud who eventually broke with him because
of Freud's emphasis on sexual motivation. Jung developed his own theory, which
emphasized the collective unconscious and self-actualization.
altruistic surrender - Answer -An ego defense mechanism, postulated by Anna Freud,
whereby a person avoids personal anxiety by vicariously living the life of another
person.
anxiety - Answer -The feeling of impending danger. Freud distinguished three types of
anxiety: objective anxiety, which is caused by a physical danger; neurotic anxiety, which
