,Chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
Ventilation Test Bank
gg gg gg
MULTIPLE CHOICE gg
1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
the lungs is known as which of the following?
g g g g gg g g g g g g g g g g g g
a. External respiration g g
b. Internal respiration gg
c. Spontaneous ventilation g g
d. Mechanical ventilation gg gg
ANS: C gg
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
as ventilation. Since the question asks for the body’s
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
mechanism, this would be spontaneous ventilation.
g g gg g g g g g g g g
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen (O2)
g g g g gg g g g g g g g g g g
and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the
g g g g g g g g gg g g g g g g g g
pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the
g g g g g g gg g g g g g g
cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from
g g g g g g g g g g gg g g g g
the systemic blood into the cells.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 gg
2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Red blood cells and body g g g g g g g g
cells g g
b. Scalenes and trapezius gg gg
muscles gg
c. Alveoli and pulmonary gg gg
capillaries gg
d. External oblique and gg gg
transverse abdominal g g
muscles g g
ANS: C gg
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g g g
pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the
g g g g gg g g g g g g g g
cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the
g g g g g g g g gg g g g g g g g g
systemic blood into the cells.
g g g g g g g g g g
Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
inspiration. External oblique and transverse abdominal
gg g g g g g g g g g g
muscles are accessory muscles of expiration.
g g gg g g g g g g g g
, DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 gg
3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
following?
gg
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B gg
During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure
g g g g g g g g g g
drops from about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
about -10 cm H2O at end-inspiration. The graph
g g g g g g g g gg g g g g g g
depicted for answer B shows that change from -5 cm
g g g g g g g g g g gg g g g g g g g g
H2O to -10 cm H2O.
g g g g g g g g g g
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4 gg
4. During g g spontaneous g g inspiration g g alveolar g g pressure g g (PA) g g is g g about:
.
a. - 1 cm H2O
gg gg g g
b. +1 cm H2Og g g
c. 0 cm H2O gg gg
d. 5 cm H2O gg gg
ANS: A gg
-1 cm H2O is
g g g g g g g g the lowest alveolar pressure will become
g g g g g g g g g g
during normal
g g gg g g spontaneous ventilation. During the g g g g g g
exhalation of
g g g g g g a normal spontaneous breath the alveolar
gg g g g g g g g g
pressure will
g g g g g g become
+1 cm H2O.
gg gg
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 gg
5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
g gknown as which of the following?
g g gg gg gg gg
a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) gg gg gg
b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) g g g g
c. Transrespiratory pressure g g
(PTR) g g
, d. Transpulmonary gg gg pressure gg gg (PL)
ANS: D gg
The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g
pressure (PTA
g g g g
) is the pressure gradient required to produce airflow in
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
the conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g g g
pressure to inflate the lungs and airways during positive
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
pressure ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) represents
g g gg g g g g g g g g
the pressure required to expand or contract the lungs
g g g g gg g g g g g g g g g g g g
and the chest wall at the same time.
g g g g g g g g g g gg gg gg
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 gg
6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway
g g g g g g g g g g g g
g gresistance during positive pressure ventilation when the
gg g g g g g g g g g g
g gproximal airway pressure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm H2O.
g g g g g g g g g g gg gg
a. 7 cm H2O gg gg
b. 30 cm H2O gg gg
c. 40 cm H2O gg gg
d. 175 cm H2O gg gg
ANS: B gg
The transairway pressure (PTA) is used to calculate the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
pressure required to overcome airway resistance during
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g
mechanical ventilation. This formula is PTA = Paw- PA.
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g gg g g
DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3 gg
7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g gg g g g g
return to its original form after being stretched or
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
g gacted on by an outside force is which of the following?
g g g g g g gg g g g g g g g g g g g g
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance gg
d. Distending pressure gg
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
Ventilation Test Bank
gg gg gg
MULTIPLE CHOICE gg
1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
the lungs is known as which of the following?
g g g g gg g g g g g g g g g g g g
a. External respiration g g
b. Internal respiration gg
c. Spontaneous ventilation g g
d. Mechanical ventilation gg gg
ANS: C gg
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
as ventilation. Since the question asks for the body’s
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
mechanism, this would be spontaneous ventilation.
g g gg g g g g g g g g
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen (O2)
g g g g gg g g g g g g g g g g
and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the
g g g g g g g g gg g g g g g g g g
pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the
g g g g g g gg g g g g g g
cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from
g g g g g g g g g g gg g g g g
the systemic blood into the cells.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 gg
2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Red blood cells and body g g g g g g g g
cells g g
b. Scalenes and trapezius gg gg
muscles gg
c. Alveoli and pulmonary gg gg
capillaries gg
d. External oblique and gg gg
transverse abdominal g g
muscles g g
ANS: C gg
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g g g
pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the
g g g g gg g g g g g g g g
cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the
g g g g g g g g gg g g g g g g g g
systemic blood into the cells.
g g g g g g g g g g
Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
inspiration. External oblique and transverse abdominal
gg g g g g g g g g g g
muscles are accessory muscles of expiration.
g g gg g g g g g g g g
, DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 gg
3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
following?
gg
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B gg
During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure
g g g g g g g g g g
drops from about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
about -10 cm H2O at end-inspiration. The graph
g g g g g g g g gg g g g g g g
depicted for answer B shows that change from -5 cm
g g g g g g g g g g gg g g g g g g g g
H2O to -10 cm H2O.
g g g g g g g g g g
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4 gg
4. During g g spontaneous g g inspiration g g alveolar g g pressure g g (PA) g g is g g about:
.
a. - 1 cm H2O
gg gg g g
b. +1 cm H2Og g g
c. 0 cm H2O gg gg
d. 5 cm H2O gg gg
ANS: A gg
-1 cm H2O is
g g g g g g g g the lowest alveolar pressure will become
g g g g g g g g g g
during normal
g g gg g g spontaneous ventilation. During the g g g g g g
exhalation of
g g g g g g a normal spontaneous breath the alveolar
gg g g g g g g g g
pressure will
g g g g g g become
+1 cm H2O.
gg gg
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 gg
5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
g gknown as which of the following?
g g gg gg gg gg
a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) gg gg gg
b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) g g g g
c. Transrespiratory pressure g g
(PTR) g g
, d. Transpulmonary gg gg pressure gg gg (PL)
ANS: D gg
The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g
pressure (PTA
g g g g
) is the pressure gradient required to produce airflow in
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
the conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g g g
pressure to inflate the lungs and airways during positive
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
pressure ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) represents
g g gg g g g g g g g g
the pressure required to expand or contract the lungs
g g g g gg g g g g g g g g g g g g
and the chest wall at the same time.
g g g g g g g g g g gg gg gg
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 gg
6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway
g g g g g g g g g g g g
g gresistance during positive pressure ventilation when the
gg g g g g g g g g g g
g gproximal airway pressure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm H2O.
g g g g g g g g g g gg gg
a. 7 cm H2O gg gg
b. 30 cm H2O gg gg
c. 40 cm H2O gg gg
d. 175 cm H2O gg gg
ANS: B gg
The transairway pressure (PTA) is used to calculate the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
pressure required to overcome airway resistance during
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g
mechanical ventilation. This formula is PTA = Paw- PA.
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g gg g g
DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3 gg
7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g gg g g g g
return to its original form after being stretched or
g g gg g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
g gacted on by an outside force is which of the following?
g g g g g g gg g g g g g g g g g g g g
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance gg
d. Distending pressure gg
