SSD EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
What is a speech sound disorder? - Answer -an impairment of an individual's sound
system that results in a significant problem with speech sound production, causing it to
differ from age and culturally based expectations
Articulation impairment - Answer -inability to articulate certain speech sounds correctly
Phonological impairment - Answer -involves the rules that govern sound patterns in a
given language
Articulation Disorder - Answer -A subcategory of a SSD; is the atypical production of
speech sounds characterized by:
• Substitution
• Omissions
• Additions, or
• Deletions
that may interfere with intelligibility
Phonological Disorder - Answer -Refers to impaired comprehension of the sound
system of a language and the rules that govern the sound combinations
Five Areas of Language - Answer -phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics,
pragmatics
Phonology - Answer -The study of the sound system of language, and includes the
rules that govern its spoken form
• Phonology:
A. Analyzes which sound units are within a language
B. Examines how these sounds are arranged— their systematic organization and rule
system
Morphology and Morphemes - Answer -Phonemes combine to form morphemes and
words; many words are made up of more than one morpheme (e.g., the word "words"
has two: word and plural /s/)
Morphology - Answer -Study of the structure of words
Morpheme - Answer -Smallest meaningful unit of a language
Syntax - Answer -Syntax consists of organizational rules
denoting word, phrase, and clause order
• It also examines the organization and relationship between words, word classes, and
other sentence elements
, Semantics - Answer -the study of linguistic meaning and includes the meaning of
words, phrases, and sentences
Pragmatics - Answer -the study of language used to communicate within various
situational contexts. It examines language use in context.
Why do the prevalence rates vary? - Answer -Differences in:
• Age range of the children studied
• Data collection methods
• Definitions of SSD
• Procedures for sampling children
• Cut-points used on a standardized test
SSD is considered to be a high prevalence condition
Risk Factors Associated With SSD of Unknown Origin - Answer -Being male
• Pre-natal and post-natal factors
• Ongoing hearing problems
• Oral sucking habits (e.g., use of bottle, pacifier, thumb sucking)
• Reactive temperament
• Psychosocial and temperament (e.g.,
Family history of speech and language problems
• Education level of mother and/or father
- Socioeconomic factors
Protective Factors Associated With Speech and Language Development - Answer -
Persistent and sociable temperament
• Being an older sibling
• Maternal wellbeing
• Parental support for learning at home (See: Harrison & McLeod, 2010)
What Is Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)? - Answer -Evidence-based practice (EBP) is
a useful framework for guiding clinical decisions through considering research evidence,
clinical expertise, and client values and preferences.
Clinical decisions are in formed by three
sources of evidence: - Answer -1. External evidence from research
2. Internal evidence from clinical practice
3. Interna evidence (includingfactors,values,andinformed preferences) from children and
families
Phoneme - Answer -smallest unit of sound
Allophone - Answer -The variations of a single phoneme
• Variations in the production of phonemes that do not change the meaning of the word
What is a speech sound disorder? - Answer -an impairment of an individual's sound
system that results in a significant problem with speech sound production, causing it to
differ from age and culturally based expectations
Articulation impairment - Answer -inability to articulate certain speech sounds correctly
Phonological impairment - Answer -involves the rules that govern sound patterns in a
given language
Articulation Disorder - Answer -A subcategory of a SSD; is the atypical production of
speech sounds characterized by:
• Substitution
• Omissions
• Additions, or
• Deletions
that may interfere with intelligibility
Phonological Disorder - Answer -Refers to impaired comprehension of the sound
system of a language and the rules that govern the sound combinations
Five Areas of Language - Answer -phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics,
pragmatics
Phonology - Answer -The study of the sound system of language, and includes the
rules that govern its spoken form
• Phonology:
A. Analyzes which sound units are within a language
B. Examines how these sounds are arranged— their systematic organization and rule
system
Morphology and Morphemes - Answer -Phonemes combine to form morphemes and
words; many words are made up of more than one morpheme (e.g., the word "words"
has two: word and plural /s/)
Morphology - Answer -Study of the structure of words
Morpheme - Answer -Smallest meaningful unit of a language
Syntax - Answer -Syntax consists of organizational rules
denoting word, phrase, and clause order
• It also examines the organization and relationship between words, word classes, and
other sentence elements
, Semantics - Answer -the study of linguistic meaning and includes the meaning of
words, phrases, and sentences
Pragmatics - Answer -the study of language used to communicate within various
situational contexts. It examines language use in context.
Why do the prevalence rates vary? - Answer -Differences in:
• Age range of the children studied
• Data collection methods
• Definitions of SSD
• Procedures for sampling children
• Cut-points used on a standardized test
SSD is considered to be a high prevalence condition
Risk Factors Associated With SSD of Unknown Origin - Answer -Being male
• Pre-natal and post-natal factors
• Ongoing hearing problems
• Oral sucking habits (e.g., use of bottle, pacifier, thumb sucking)
• Reactive temperament
• Psychosocial and temperament (e.g.,
Family history of speech and language problems
• Education level of mother and/or father
- Socioeconomic factors
Protective Factors Associated With Speech and Language Development - Answer -
Persistent and sociable temperament
• Being an older sibling
• Maternal wellbeing
• Parental support for learning at home (See: Harrison & McLeod, 2010)
What Is Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)? - Answer -Evidence-based practice (EBP) is
a useful framework for guiding clinical decisions through considering research evidence,
clinical expertise, and client values and preferences.
Clinical decisions are in formed by three
sources of evidence: - Answer -1. External evidence from research
2. Internal evidence from clinical practice
3. Interna evidence (includingfactors,values,andinformed preferences) from children and
families
Phoneme - Answer -smallest unit of sound
Allophone - Answer -The variations of a single phoneme
• Variations in the production of phonemes that do not change the meaning of the word
