Solution nand nAnswer nGuide nFor nAll nChapters: nLambert, nFundamentals nof nPython: nFirst nPrograms, n3e, nCY24, n9780357881019; nChapter n1,
Introduction
,Solution nand nAnswer nGuide nFor nAll nChapters: nLambert, nFundamentals nof nPython: nFirst nPrograms, n3e, nCY24, n9780357881019; nChapter n1,
Introduction
Solution and Answer Guide For All Chapters n n n n n n
LAMBERT, FUNDAMENTALS OF PYTHON: FIRST PROGRAMS, 3E, CY24, 9780357881019; CHAPTER 1,
N N N N N N N N N N N
INTRODUCTION
N
TABLE OF CONTENTS N N
Exercise Solutions........................................................................................................................................ 1
n
Exercise 1.1 ............................................................................................................................................... 1
n
Exercise 1.2 ............................................................................................................................................... 2
n
Exercise 1.3 ............................................................................................................................................... 3
n
Review Questions Answers ......................................................................................................................... 4
n n
Programming Exercises Solutions ............................................................................................................. 8
n n
Debugging Exercises Solutions................................................................................................................... 8
n n
EXERCISE SOLUTIONS N
EXERCISE 1.1 N
1. List three common types of computing agents.
n n n n n n
Solution:
Human beings, desktop computers, cell phones
n n n n n
2. Write an algorithm that describes the second part of the process of making change (counting out the
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
coins and bills).
n n n
Solution:
There are various ways to do this, but here is one:
n n n n n n n n n n
Repeat
Select the largest unit of money that is less than or equal to the remaining
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
change Subtract this unit from the remaining change
n n n n n n n n
Until the remaining change is 0
n n n n n
The collection of units selected represent the change
n n n n n n n
3. Write an algorithm that describes a common task, such as baking a cake.
n n n n n n n n n n n n
,Solution nand nAnswer nGuide nFor nAll nChapters: nLambert, nFundamentals nof nPython: nFirst nPrograms, n3e, nCY24, n9780357881019; nChapter n1,
Introduction
Solution:
There are various ways to do this, but here is one:
n n n n n n n n n n
Preheat an oven to 375 degrees n n n n n
Add 1 cup of water and 1 egg to a mixing bowl
n n n n n n n n n n n
Beat the liquid mixture in the bowl until the ingredients are blended
n n n n n n n n n n n
Add the contents of a boxed cake mix to the mixing bowl
n n n n n n n n n n n n
Beat the mixture in the bowl until the ingredients are blended
n n n n n n n n n n
Pour the contents of the mixing bowl into a lightly greased cake pan
n n n n n n n n n n n n
Bake the cake in the oven for 45 minutes
n n n n n n n n n
4. Describe an instruction that is not well defined and thus could not be included as a step in an
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
algorithm. Give an example of such an instruction.
n n n n n n n n
Solution:
Attempting to divide a number by 0 n n n n n n
5. In what sense is a laptop computer a general-purpose problem-solving machine?
n n n n n n n n n n
Solution:
A laptop computer is a general-purpose problem-solving machine because it is programmable and can
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
solve any problem for which there is an algorithm.
n n n n n n n n n
6. List four devices that use computers and describe the information that they process. (Hint: Think of
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
the inputs and outputs of the devices.)
n n n n n n n
Solution:
Digital camera—images, music player—sound, cell phone—text, ATM—numbers
n n n n n n
EXERCISE 1.2 N
1. List two examples of input devices and two examples of output devices.
n n n n n n n n n n n
Solution:
Input devices—keyboard and mouse, output devices—monitor and speakers
n n n n n n n
2. What does the central processing unit (CPU) do?
n n n n n n n
Solution:
The CPU fetches, decodes, and executes instructions.
n n n n n n
3. How is information represented in hardware memory?
n n n n n n
Solution:
Information is represented using binary notation, which in hardware is a pattern of voltage levels.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
, Solution nand nAnswer nGuide nFor nAll nChapters: nLambert, nFundamentals nof nPython: nFirst nPrograms, n3e, nCY24, n9780357881019; nChapter n1,
Introduction
4. What is the difference between a terminal-based interface and a graphical user interface?
n n n n n n n n n n n n
Solution:
A terminal-based interface supports only the input and output of text with a keyboard and monitor. A
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
graphical user interface supports the output of images and the manipulation of them with a pointing
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
device, the mouse.
n n n
5. What role do translators play in the programming process?
n n n n n n n n
Solution:
A translator converts a program written in a high-level language (human readable and writable) to an
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
equivalent program in a low-level language (machine readable and executable).
n n n n n n n n n n
EXERCISE 1.3 N
1. Describe what happens when the programmer enters the string "Greetings!" in the Python shell.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Solution:
Python reads the string "Greetings!", evaluates it, and displays this string (including single quotes)
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
in the shell.
n n n
2. Write a line of code that prompts the user for their name and saves the user’s input in a variable called
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
name.
Solution:
name= input("Enter your name: ")
n n n n n
3. What is a Python script?
n n n n
Solution:
A Python script is a complete Python program that can be run from a computer’s operating system.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
4. Explain what goes on behind the scenes when your computer runs a Python program.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Solution:
If the program has not already been translated, Python’s compiler translates it to byte code. The Python
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
nvirtual machine then executes this code.
n n n n n
Introduction
,Solution nand nAnswer nGuide nFor nAll nChapters: nLambert, nFundamentals nof nPython: nFirst nPrograms, n3e, nCY24, n9780357881019; nChapter n1,
Introduction
Solution and Answer Guide For All Chapters n n n n n n
LAMBERT, FUNDAMENTALS OF PYTHON: FIRST PROGRAMS, 3E, CY24, 9780357881019; CHAPTER 1,
N N N N N N N N N N N
INTRODUCTION
N
TABLE OF CONTENTS N N
Exercise Solutions........................................................................................................................................ 1
n
Exercise 1.1 ............................................................................................................................................... 1
n
Exercise 1.2 ............................................................................................................................................... 2
n
Exercise 1.3 ............................................................................................................................................... 3
n
Review Questions Answers ......................................................................................................................... 4
n n
Programming Exercises Solutions ............................................................................................................. 8
n n
Debugging Exercises Solutions................................................................................................................... 8
n n
EXERCISE SOLUTIONS N
EXERCISE 1.1 N
1. List three common types of computing agents.
n n n n n n
Solution:
Human beings, desktop computers, cell phones
n n n n n
2. Write an algorithm that describes the second part of the process of making change (counting out the
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
coins and bills).
n n n
Solution:
There are various ways to do this, but here is one:
n n n n n n n n n n
Repeat
Select the largest unit of money that is less than or equal to the remaining
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
change Subtract this unit from the remaining change
n n n n n n n n
Until the remaining change is 0
n n n n n
The collection of units selected represent the change
n n n n n n n
3. Write an algorithm that describes a common task, such as baking a cake.
n n n n n n n n n n n n
,Solution nand nAnswer nGuide nFor nAll nChapters: nLambert, nFundamentals nof nPython: nFirst nPrograms, n3e, nCY24, n9780357881019; nChapter n1,
Introduction
Solution:
There are various ways to do this, but here is one:
n n n n n n n n n n
Preheat an oven to 375 degrees n n n n n
Add 1 cup of water and 1 egg to a mixing bowl
n n n n n n n n n n n
Beat the liquid mixture in the bowl until the ingredients are blended
n n n n n n n n n n n
Add the contents of a boxed cake mix to the mixing bowl
n n n n n n n n n n n n
Beat the mixture in the bowl until the ingredients are blended
n n n n n n n n n n
Pour the contents of the mixing bowl into a lightly greased cake pan
n n n n n n n n n n n n
Bake the cake in the oven for 45 minutes
n n n n n n n n n
4. Describe an instruction that is not well defined and thus could not be included as a step in an
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
algorithm. Give an example of such an instruction.
n n n n n n n n
Solution:
Attempting to divide a number by 0 n n n n n n
5. In what sense is a laptop computer a general-purpose problem-solving machine?
n n n n n n n n n n
Solution:
A laptop computer is a general-purpose problem-solving machine because it is programmable and can
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
solve any problem for which there is an algorithm.
n n n n n n n n n
6. List four devices that use computers and describe the information that they process. (Hint: Think of
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
the inputs and outputs of the devices.)
n n n n n n n
Solution:
Digital camera—images, music player—sound, cell phone—text, ATM—numbers
n n n n n n
EXERCISE 1.2 N
1. List two examples of input devices and two examples of output devices.
n n n n n n n n n n n
Solution:
Input devices—keyboard and mouse, output devices—monitor and speakers
n n n n n n n
2. What does the central processing unit (CPU) do?
n n n n n n n
Solution:
The CPU fetches, decodes, and executes instructions.
n n n n n n
3. How is information represented in hardware memory?
n n n n n n
Solution:
Information is represented using binary notation, which in hardware is a pattern of voltage levels.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
, Solution nand nAnswer nGuide nFor nAll nChapters: nLambert, nFundamentals nof nPython: nFirst nPrograms, n3e, nCY24, n9780357881019; nChapter n1,
Introduction
4. What is the difference between a terminal-based interface and a graphical user interface?
n n n n n n n n n n n n
Solution:
A terminal-based interface supports only the input and output of text with a keyboard and monitor. A
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
graphical user interface supports the output of images and the manipulation of them with a pointing
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
device, the mouse.
n n n
5. What role do translators play in the programming process?
n n n n n n n n
Solution:
A translator converts a program written in a high-level language (human readable and writable) to an
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
equivalent program in a low-level language (machine readable and executable).
n n n n n n n n n n
EXERCISE 1.3 N
1. Describe what happens when the programmer enters the string "Greetings!" in the Python shell.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Solution:
Python reads the string "Greetings!", evaluates it, and displays this string (including single quotes)
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
in the shell.
n n n
2. Write a line of code that prompts the user for their name and saves the user’s input in a variable called
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
name.
Solution:
name= input("Enter your name: ")
n n n n n
3. What is a Python script?
n n n n
Solution:
A Python script is a complete Python program that can be run from a computer’s operating system.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
4. Explain what goes on behind the scenes when your computer runs a Python program.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Solution:
If the program has not already been translated, Python’s compiler translates it to byte code. The Python
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
nvirtual machine then executes this code.
n n n n n
