MDC 3 Exam 1 Study Guide With Complete
Solution
What is the 2nd most common malignancy in women and 2nd leading cause of
death in women? - -Breast cancer
How does breast cancer start? - -From the epithelial lining of the ducts or the
epithelium of the lobules
99% of breast cancers occur in what gender? - -women
breast cancer is slightly more common in what race of women? - -white
breast cancer in men is similar across? - -all ethnic groups
Risk factors for breast cancer? - --post menopause (increasing in age after 60)
-Estrogen (HRT: hormone replacement therapy) (post menopause therapy) can be
with progesterone or alone.
- History or genetics (history of breast, colon, endometrial, &ovarian cancer, or
family history of breast cancer) (*Gene BRCA1 or BRCA2 hold a 5-10% genetic risk)
-Alcohol
-Childbirth after age 30
-Obesity
-Smoking
-Breast cellular changes: hyperplasia, atypical appearance (increased risk)
Breast cancer signs and symptoms - --lump in breast
-swelling
-skin irritation
-dimpling
-breast pain
-nipple pain
-nipple turning inward
-redness
-scaliness
-thickening of the nipple
-unusual discharge
-lump in the armpit
(more rare but can present itself as an orange peel)
*Where is the most common location of breast cancer? * - -*upper outer quadrant is
the most glandular tissue, as a result it is the most common location of a cancer*
Breast cancer screening & diagnostics - --history
-physical assessment and examination
-mammogram (less effective in younger women due to denser breast tissue)
-ultrasound
-MRI (gives more details than a mammogram or ultrasound)
-Biopsy
, -Labs
-Pathology
Breast health large breast challenges - --Impaired comfort
-Back pain
-diffculty finding clothing that fits
-expensive bras
-fungal infections under breasts
-redness, chaffing or rash, under breasts.
Breast health small breast challenges - --some choose breast augmentation
(important to avoid foods, medications, herbs that increase bleeding before/after
surgery)
-Can still perform self examination and have mammograms- but may not be as
sensitive
-*some evidence of increased risk for non Hodgkins lymphoma Not breast cancer*
*Breast Cancer Types* - --*In situ* (non-ivasive) breast cancer remains in the
mammary
*DCIS: ductal carcinoma in situate* duct or lobules
-*ILC: invasive lobular carcinoma*
*IDC: invasive ductal carcinoma*
*Non-invasive or In situ breast cancer is* - -*DCIS: ductal carcinoma is situate*
*Invasive breast cancer is* - -*ILC or IDC*
-the cancer grows into the surrounding tissue and can metastasize
-most likely cause of skin dimpling or peau'd orange
-Aggressive form : itching, rapidly growing lump, breast pain, erythema & edema
*Most common invasive cancer* - -*IDC: infiltrating ductal carcinoma*
*breast cancer treatment* - --Surgery: breast conserving & masectomy
-Radiation therapy
-Chemotherapy
-Hormone therapy
breast conserving surgery - -removes the entire tumor along with a margin of
normal tissue and may include lymph node removal
Masectomy - -Total or simple usually involves lymph nodes
Radiation therapy - -directed therapy to the site of the cancer (original tumor)
Chemotherapy - -(S/E depends on the drugs used, frequency, and dose)
-*IV therapy in 2-3 week cycles over 3-6 months*
-Regular blood work is needed
Solution
What is the 2nd most common malignancy in women and 2nd leading cause of
death in women? - -Breast cancer
How does breast cancer start? - -From the epithelial lining of the ducts or the
epithelium of the lobules
99% of breast cancers occur in what gender? - -women
breast cancer is slightly more common in what race of women? - -white
breast cancer in men is similar across? - -all ethnic groups
Risk factors for breast cancer? - --post menopause (increasing in age after 60)
-Estrogen (HRT: hormone replacement therapy) (post menopause therapy) can be
with progesterone or alone.
- History or genetics (history of breast, colon, endometrial, &ovarian cancer, or
family history of breast cancer) (*Gene BRCA1 or BRCA2 hold a 5-10% genetic risk)
-Alcohol
-Childbirth after age 30
-Obesity
-Smoking
-Breast cellular changes: hyperplasia, atypical appearance (increased risk)
Breast cancer signs and symptoms - --lump in breast
-swelling
-skin irritation
-dimpling
-breast pain
-nipple pain
-nipple turning inward
-redness
-scaliness
-thickening of the nipple
-unusual discharge
-lump in the armpit
(more rare but can present itself as an orange peel)
*Where is the most common location of breast cancer? * - -*upper outer quadrant is
the most glandular tissue, as a result it is the most common location of a cancer*
Breast cancer screening & diagnostics - --history
-physical assessment and examination
-mammogram (less effective in younger women due to denser breast tissue)
-ultrasound
-MRI (gives more details than a mammogram or ultrasound)
-Biopsy
, -Labs
-Pathology
Breast health large breast challenges - --Impaired comfort
-Back pain
-diffculty finding clothing that fits
-expensive bras
-fungal infections under breasts
-redness, chaffing or rash, under breasts.
Breast health small breast challenges - --some choose breast augmentation
(important to avoid foods, medications, herbs that increase bleeding before/after
surgery)
-Can still perform self examination and have mammograms- but may not be as
sensitive
-*some evidence of increased risk for non Hodgkins lymphoma Not breast cancer*
*Breast Cancer Types* - --*In situ* (non-ivasive) breast cancer remains in the
mammary
*DCIS: ductal carcinoma in situate* duct or lobules
-*ILC: invasive lobular carcinoma*
*IDC: invasive ductal carcinoma*
*Non-invasive or In situ breast cancer is* - -*DCIS: ductal carcinoma is situate*
*Invasive breast cancer is* - -*ILC or IDC*
-the cancer grows into the surrounding tissue and can metastasize
-most likely cause of skin dimpling or peau'd orange
-Aggressive form : itching, rapidly growing lump, breast pain, erythema & edema
*Most common invasive cancer* - -*IDC: infiltrating ductal carcinoma*
*breast cancer treatment* - --Surgery: breast conserving & masectomy
-Radiation therapy
-Chemotherapy
-Hormone therapy
breast conserving surgery - -removes the entire tumor along with a margin of
normal tissue and may include lymph node removal
Masectomy - -Total or simple usually involves lymph nodes
Radiation therapy - -directed therapy to the site of the cancer (original tumor)
Chemotherapy - -(S/E depends on the drugs used, frequency, and dose)
-*IV therapy in 2-3 week cycles over 3-6 months*
-Regular blood work is needed
