Portage Learning BiodJ152 exam7

Portage Learning Biod152 exam 7 J J J J J




1. Trueorfalse:the kidneysarelong,musculartubes:false J J J J J J J J J




2. A person sustained blunt force trauma to the back at the L1 level,with no spinalc
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ordinjury.Wouldyoususpectthekidneystobedamaged?Whyorwhynot?: yes, the
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kidneys lie betweenT12 and L3 J J J J J




3. describetheconsistencyandpurposeoftherenaladiposecapsule:outside of the J J J J J J J J J J J J




renal capsule is a fatty layer that protects the kidney from trauma
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4. Name the layer and the parts of the nephrons located in the regio lightednihigh- J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
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nblue,below.:locatedwithinthemedullaaretheloopofhenlea collecting duct s nd the
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ections of the nephrons J J J




5. these arteries feed the afferent arterioles:interlobular J J J J J J




6. Afterfiltrationoccurs,nextbloodtravelsintothesevessels.:efferentarteri- ole
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7. whichofthefollowingisfalseaboutthelocationofthebladder?:B- J J J J J J J J J J J J




in females, the bladder is posterior tothe uterus
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C-in females,the bladderisin betweenthe rectum and the uterus
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8. Discusstwofeaturesofthebladderthatallowforexpansion.:- J J J J J J J J J J




themuscular wallstretchesandthinsallowingthebladdertostorelargeramountsofurine
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without a significant rise in internal pressure J J J J J J




-
rugae(folds inthebladderwall)alsoextendtohelpthecapacityofthebladder internall
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y
9. anelderlymaleisunabletomicturate.whatismostlikelycausingthe difficu
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lty?: urinary retention due to enlarged prostate
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10. this region ofthe male urethra exitsthe bladder:prostatic J J J J J J J J J




11. whatcausestheextremelyhighbloodpressureintheglomerularcapillar- J J J J J J J J J J




ies: the difference in diameter
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12. Micturitioncanbecontrolledconsciouslybecauseof::voluntarycontrolof the e J J J J J J J J J J J




xternal sphincter J




13. thisisthepressurethatdependsuponaperson'sbloodpressurefromthe heart J J J J J J J J J J J J J J




and vessels: hydrostatic pressure
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14. calculatethefiltrationpressureforyourpatientgiventhefollowingvalues. cap J J J J J J J J J J J




sularpressure=13,colloidosmoticpressure=27,hydrostaticpressure= 65, GFR=
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110: HP- (COP +CP) J J J




=65 - (27-13) J J




=65-40
=25 mmHg J




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, Portage Learning Biod152 exam 7 J J J J J




15. describe in detail what happens during an emergency to control the rate of bloo J J J J J J J J J J J J J




d to the kidney:during these times the renal autoregulatory system is supersededbyhig
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herlevelnervoussystemcontrols.whenthenervoussystemtakesover regulation, the affe
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rent arterioles diameter is narrowed by the sympathetic nerve fibers.the release of hormo
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ne epinephrine by the adrenal medulla causes
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adecreaseinrenalbloodflowanddecreases theGFR.constrictionoftherenal arteries is o
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y to be used for a short time
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16. whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueconcerningtheRAAsystem:reninis rele J J J J J J J J J J J J J




ased by the cells inside the nephron J J J J J J




17. the greatest amount of occursin the PCT:reabsorbtion J J J J J J J J




18. trueorfalse:intheloopofhenle,watercanleavetheascendinglimbbut not the J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J




descending limb: false J J




19. whichofthefollowingisfalseconcerningADH:WhenADHisincirculation dilute u J J J J J J J J J J J J J J




rine is excreted. J J




20. Does urea make the deep medulla region higher or lower osmolarity? Explain y J J J J J J J J J J J J




our answer.:higher..urea contributes to the high osmolarity of the deep medullaryregion
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.theconcentrationofureaisrelativelyhighinthefiltrateofthedistalconvolutedtubuleandth
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ecortexregionsofthecollectingductsbecausethetubules inthe cortex areimpermeable t
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o it.the medullary collecting ductregions arehighly permeable to urea, soit diffuses out of t
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he ducts and into the medullary interstitial fluid.inthemedullaitcontributestothehighosmo
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larityuntilitsconcentrationsinsideand outside the duct are equal
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21. describetheactionofaldosteroneontheconcentrationsofsodiumand hydr J J J J J J J J J J J




ogen in the filtrate:sodium is removed from the filtrate while hydrogen is pumped insid
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e the filtrate J J




22. describe the actionofalcoholinurinary output:Alcohol isa type ofdiuretic that inhi J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J




bits the release of ADH. J J J J




23. whichofthefollowingisfalseconcerningcardiovascularbaroreceptors:if bloo J J J J J J J J J J




d volume rises, they cause constriction of the afferent arterioles
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24. which of the following is anabnormal solutein urine:bile pigment J J J J J J J J J J J




25. Waterinthebodyisprimarilyfoundinwhatbodycompartment?:intracel- lular J J J J J J J J J J J J




26. urine with a pH of9 is:out of range, alkaline J J J J J J J J J J




27. thechemicalbuffersystems:includesthebicarbonate,phosphateandprotein syst J J J J J J J J J J




ems.
28. hypoventillation is a part of what control mechanism? explain what hy- J J J J J J J J J J




poventilationaccomplishes:itmeansthatbloodpHisrising,respiratoryrateis slowi
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ng down to add CO2.part of the central nervous system
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