PATHOPHYSIOLOGYB29THB2EDITIONB2MCCANCEB2TESTB2BANK

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK
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McCance and Huether’s, Pathophysiology:The Biologic Basis
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for Disease in Adults and Children, 9TH ED(PATHOPHYSIOL
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OGY 9TH EDITION) B2 B2




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Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
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MULTIPLE CHOICE B2 B2
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1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
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b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
B2 d. Cells can synthesize fats.
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ANS: C B2 B2


In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from t
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heir surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cell
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ular metabolic absorption.
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2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
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a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus B2 B2 B2


b. Ribosome d. Lysosome B2 B2 B2
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B2


ANS: C B2 B2


The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
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most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
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binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do
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not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
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3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (HNURSINGTB.COM
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2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidat
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ive reaction?
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a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes B2 B2 B2


b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes B2 B2 B2
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ANS: B B2 B2


Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to re
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move hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces
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H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or esca
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pes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-
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protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted i
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nto the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexe
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s. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
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more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, li
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pids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme produc
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tion. B2
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PTS: 1 B2 B2 REF: Page 8 B2 B2 B2
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4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cel
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l injury?
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a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum B2 B2 B2 B2 B2


b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes B2 B2 B2 B2
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ANS: D B2 B2


The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive en
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zymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytopl
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asmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury lead
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s to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific subst
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rates, causing cellular self-
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digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: 1 B2 B2 REF: Pages 7-8 B2 B2 B2
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5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancrea
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s cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
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a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribo
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some for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
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b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lyso
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some for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell me
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mbrane. B2


c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribo
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some for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
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d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
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ANS: A B2 B2


The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the riboso
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me for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The o
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ther options do not correctly describe this process.
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B2
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PTS: 1 B2 B2 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
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6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
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a. G1 c. G2 B2 B2 B2


b. S d. M B2 B2 B2
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ANS: B B2 B2


The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is
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the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) th
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e S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) th
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e G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the c
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ompletion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which incl
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udes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
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PTS: 1 B2 B2 REF: Page 37 B2 B2 B2
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7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as rec
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eptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
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a. Lipids c. Proteins B2 B2 B2


b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates B2 B2 B2
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ANS: C B2 B2


Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in
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and out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged part
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icles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and monosacchari
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des; and (3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration o
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f certain ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations
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of other ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extra
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cellular environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: 1 B2 B2 REF: Page 13 | Page 15
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8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-
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mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy f
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or which human diseases?
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a. Cardiac and vascular disorders B2 B2 B2 B2


b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders B2 B2 B2 B2


c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders B2 B2 B2 B2


d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders B2 B2 B2 B2
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ANS: B B2 B2


Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug i
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nterventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases,
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including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The other options do
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not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: 1 B2 B2 REF: Page 15 B2 B2 B2
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9. Which structure prevents water-
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soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane?
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a. Carbohydrate chains B2 B2 c. Membrane channel proteins
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b. Glycoprotein channels B2 B2 d. Lipid bilayer
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ANS: D B2 B2


The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma memb
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rane. It is impermeable to most water-
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soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the water-
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soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier
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2to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-
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soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through i
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t readily. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: 1 B2 B2 REF: Pages 12-13 B2 B2 B2
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10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
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