1
Comprehensive Exam Bank on Nursing Care for Patients with
Diabetes: Glycemic Management, Patient Education, and
Complication Prevention
Table of Contents
Topic 1: Glycemic Assessment and Monitoring in Diabetes Care (Questions 1–20).......................2
Topic 2: Diabetes Pharmacological Management and Insulin Therapy (Questions 21–40)..........12
Topic 3: Diabetes Complication Prevention and Early Detection (Questions 41–60)....................22
Topic 4: Pharmacologic Management of Diabetes: Insulin and Oral Medications (Questions 61–
80)..................................................................................................................................................32
Topic 5: Diabetes Complications and Nursing Interventions (Questions 81–100)........................41
Topic 6: Nursing Pharmacologic Management of Diabetes (Questions 101–120)........................51
Topic 7: Diabetes Complications and Prevention Strategies (Questions 121–140).......................61
Topic 8: Insulin Therapy and Advanced Pharmacologic Management (Questions 141–160).......71
Topic 9: Diabetic Emergency Management: Hypoglycemia, DKA, and HHS (Questions 161–180)
.......................................................................................................................................................81
Topic 10: Long-Term Diabetes Complications and Preventive Care (Questions 181–200)............90
, 2
Topic 1: Glycemic Assessment and Monitoring in Diabetes Care
(Questions 1–20)
1. A nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetic patient about
blood glucose monitoring. Which of the following statements by the
patient indicates correct understanding?
A) “I should only check my blood sugar when I feel symptoms.”
B) “Fasting glucose levels should be above 130 mg/dL.”
C) “I should check my blood sugar before meals and at bedtime.”
D) “There’s no need to log my blood sugar readings.”
Correct Answer: C
Rationale Explanation: Regular monitoring before meals and at
bedtime provides essential data to guide treatment decisions, prevent
hyper- and hypoglycemia, and identify trends in glucose control.
2. Which laboratory value best reflects long-term glycemic control in
diabetic patients?
A) Fasting plasma glucose
B) Random blood glucose
C) Hemoglobin A1c
D) Oral glucose tolerance test
Correct Answer: C
Rationale Explanation: Hemoglobin A1c measures average blood
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glucose levels over approximately three months, providing a reliable
assessment of long-term glycemic control.
3. A patient’s hemoglobin A1c result is 9%. The nurse recognizes this
indicates:
A) Optimal glycemic control
B) Normal blood glucose levels
C) Poor glycemic control
D) Recent hypoglycemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale Explanation: An A1c of 9% exceeds the ADA recommended
target (<7%), suggesting the patient’s diabetes is poorly controlled and
adjustments are needed.
4. In which situation should a diabetic patient increase the frequency
of blood glucose monitoring?
A) When blood sugar is stable
B) During routine office visits
C) When ill or under stress
D) When eating a low-carbohydrate diet
Correct Answer: C
Rationale Explanation: Illness and stress can cause unpredictable
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fluctuations in blood glucose, requiring more frequent monitoring to
prevent complications.
5. Which of the following symptoms indicates hypoglycemia that the
nurse should teach a patient to recognize?
A) Dry skin and blurred vision
B) Polyuria and polydipsia
C) Sweating and shakiness
D) Slow wound healing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale Explanation: Classic symptoms of hypoglycemia include
sweating, shakiness, irritability, and dizziness, requiring prompt
carbohydrate intake.
6. A nurse is evaluating a patient’s glucometer technique. Which
action requires correction?
A) Washing hands before testing
B) Using the lateral side of the fingertip
C) Placing a large drop of blood on the test strip
D) Squeezing the fingertip vigorously to get blood
Correct Answer: D
Rationale Explanation: Excessive squeezing can cause hemolysis and
Comprehensive Exam Bank on Nursing Care for Patients with
Diabetes: Glycemic Management, Patient Education, and
Complication Prevention
Table of Contents
Topic 1: Glycemic Assessment and Monitoring in Diabetes Care (Questions 1–20).......................2
Topic 2: Diabetes Pharmacological Management and Insulin Therapy (Questions 21–40)..........12
Topic 3: Diabetes Complication Prevention and Early Detection (Questions 41–60)....................22
Topic 4: Pharmacologic Management of Diabetes: Insulin and Oral Medications (Questions 61–
80)..................................................................................................................................................32
Topic 5: Diabetes Complications and Nursing Interventions (Questions 81–100)........................41
Topic 6: Nursing Pharmacologic Management of Diabetes (Questions 101–120)........................51
Topic 7: Diabetes Complications and Prevention Strategies (Questions 121–140).......................61
Topic 8: Insulin Therapy and Advanced Pharmacologic Management (Questions 141–160).......71
Topic 9: Diabetic Emergency Management: Hypoglycemia, DKA, and HHS (Questions 161–180)
.......................................................................................................................................................81
Topic 10: Long-Term Diabetes Complications and Preventive Care (Questions 181–200)............90
, 2
Topic 1: Glycemic Assessment and Monitoring in Diabetes Care
(Questions 1–20)
1. A nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetic patient about
blood glucose monitoring. Which of the following statements by the
patient indicates correct understanding?
A) “I should only check my blood sugar when I feel symptoms.”
B) “Fasting glucose levels should be above 130 mg/dL.”
C) “I should check my blood sugar before meals and at bedtime.”
D) “There’s no need to log my blood sugar readings.”
Correct Answer: C
Rationale Explanation: Regular monitoring before meals and at
bedtime provides essential data to guide treatment decisions, prevent
hyper- and hypoglycemia, and identify trends in glucose control.
2. Which laboratory value best reflects long-term glycemic control in
diabetic patients?
A) Fasting plasma glucose
B) Random blood glucose
C) Hemoglobin A1c
D) Oral glucose tolerance test
Correct Answer: C
Rationale Explanation: Hemoglobin A1c measures average blood
, 3
glucose levels over approximately three months, providing a reliable
assessment of long-term glycemic control.
3. A patient’s hemoglobin A1c result is 9%. The nurse recognizes this
indicates:
A) Optimal glycemic control
B) Normal blood glucose levels
C) Poor glycemic control
D) Recent hypoglycemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale Explanation: An A1c of 9% exceeds the ADA recommended
target (<7%), suggesting the patient’s diabetes is poorly controlled and
adjustments are needed.
4. In which situation should a diabetic patient increase the frequency
of blood glucose monitoring?
A) When blood sugar is stable
B) During routine office visits
C) When ill or under stress
D) When eating a low-carbohydrate diet
Correct Answer: C
Rationale Explanation: Illness and stress can cause unpredictable
, 4
fluctuations in blood glucose, requiring more frequent monitoring to
prevent complications.
5. Which of the following symptoms indicates hypoglycemia that the
nurse should teach a patient to recognize?
A) Dry skin and blurred vision
B) Polyuria and polydipsia
C) Sweating and shakiness
D) Slow wound healing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale Explanation: Classic symptoms of hypoglycemia include
sweating, shakiness, irritability, and dizziness, requiring prompt
carbohydrate intake.
6. A nurse is evaluating a patient’s glucometer technique. Which
action requires correction?
A) Washing hands before testing
B) Using the lateral side of the fingertip
C) Placing a large drop of blood on the test strip
D) Squeezing the fingertip vigorously to get blood
Correct Answer: D
Rationale Explanation: Excessive squeezing can cause hemolysis and
