1. Export promotion policies include which of the following measures?
a) Import tariffs.
b) Export credit guarantees.
c) Reducing exports.
d) Currency devaluation.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: b) Export credit guarantees.
2. Which of the following is a key objective of export credit guarantees?
a) Increase domestic production costs.
b) Protect exporters from non-payment risks.
c) Subsidize foreign competitors.
d) Limit trade liberalization.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: b) Protect exporters from non-payment risks.
3. Public Export Credit Agencies (ECAs) were largely established:
a) During the First World War.
b) After the Second World War.
c) During the Great Depression.
d) After the 1990s financial crises.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: b) After the Second World War.
4. Which country’s public ECA is Euler Hermes?
a) United States.
b) Germany.
c) France.
d) Austria.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: b) Germany.
5. The statutory cover limit for Euler Hermes in 2022 was approximately:
a) €10 billion.
b) €100 billion.
c) €150 billion.
d) €200 billion.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: c) €150 billion.
6. What is a common criticism of ECAs?
a) They provide no real economic benefits.
b) Their insurance fees are too high.
c) They provide hidden subsidies through low insurance fees.
d) They operate exclusively in developed countries.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: c) They provide hidden subsidies through low insurance fees.
, 7. According to WTO's SCM Agreement, insurance premiums for export credit guarantees
must:
a) Be higher than private insurers’ rates.
b) Cover long-term operating costs and losses.
c) Be subsidized by governments.
d) Remain fixed across all risk categories.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: b) Cover long-term operating costs and losses.
8. The Knaepen Package is part of:
a) The EU's trade liberalization framework.
b) OECD's Consensus Arrangement.
c) WTO's export subsidy guidelines.
d) The Latin American trade agreements.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: b) OECD's Consensus Arrangement.
9. During the Latin American debt crisis, ECAs faced heavy losses due to:
a) High export volumes.
b) Importing firms going bankrupt.
c) Over-regulation by governments.
d) Falling commodity prices.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: b) Importing firms going bankrupt.
10.Which of the following is an example of a political risk covered by ECAs?
a) Market volatility.
b) Currency devaluation.
c) War or civil unrest.
d) High interest rates.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: c) War or civil unrest.
11.The main goal of export promotion programs is to:
a) Increase imports.
b) Decrease production.
c) Stimulate firms' exports.
d) Eliminate trade barriers.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: c) Stimulate firms' exports.
12.The European Commission suspended marketable risk rules during the COVID-19
pandemic for:
a) 6 months.
b) 2 years.
c) 1 year.
d) 5 years.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: b) 2 years.
a) Import tariffs.
b) Export credit guarantees.
c) Reducing exports.
d) Currency devaluation.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: b) Export credit guarantees.
2. Which of the following is a key objective of export credit guarantees?
a) Increase domestic production costs.
b) Protect exporters from non-payment risks.
c) Subsidize foreign competitors.
d) Limit trade liberalization.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: b) Protect exporters from non-payment risks.
3. Public Export Credit Agencies (ECAs) were largely established:
a) During the First World War.
b) After the Second World War.
c) During the Great Depression.
d) After the 1990s financial crises.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: b) After the Second World War.
4. Which country’s public ECA is Euler Hermes?
a) United States.
b) Germany.
c) France.
d) Austria.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: b) Germany.
5. The statutory cover limit for Euler Hermes in 2022 was approximately:
a) €10 billion.
b) €100 billion.
c) €150 billion.
d) €200 billion.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: c) €150 billion.
6. What is a common criticism of ECAs?
a) They provide no real economic benefits.
b) Their insurance fees are too high.
c) They provide hidden subsidies through low insurance fees.
d) They operate exclusively in developed countries.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: c) They provide hidden subsidies through low insurance fees.
, 7. According to WTO's SCM Agreement, insurance premiums for export credit guarantees
must:
a) Be higher than private insurers’ rates.
b) Cover long-term operating costs and losses.
c) Be subsidized by governments.
d) Remain fixed across all risk categories.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: b) Cover long-term operating costs and losses.
8. The Knaepen Package is part of:
a) The EU's trade liberalization framework.
b) OECD's Consensus Arrangement.
c) WTO's export subsidy guidelines.
d) The Latin American trade agreements.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: b) OECD's Consensus Arrangement.
9. During the Latin American debt crisis, ECAs faced heavy losses due to:
a) High export volumes.
b) Importing firms going bankrupt.
c) Over-regulation by governments.
d) Falling commodity prices.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: b) Importing firms going bankrupt.
10.Which of the following is an example of a political risk covered by ECAs?
a) Market volatility.
b) Currency devaluation.
c) War or civil unrest.
d) High interest rates.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: c) War or civil unrest.
11.The main goal of export promotion programs is to:
a) Increase imports.
b) Decrease production.
c) Stimulate firms' exports.
d) Eliminate trade barriers.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: c) Stimulate firms' exports.
12.The European Commission suspended marketable risk rules during the COVID-19
pandemic for:
a) 6 months.
b) 2 years.
c) 1 year.
d) 5 years.
e) None of the other answers is correct.
Answer: b) 2 years.
