NEBOSH PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Immediate cause - Answers :The unsafe act or unsafe condition that leads directly to
the consequences (caused harm, damage, etc)
Root cause - Answers :An underlying circumstance that allowed the unsafe condition or
act to exist (mainly organisational and management failings)
MOC - Answers :Management of Change
Consultation - Answers :The two-way exchange of information between parties, in this
case between employer and worker. This is far more effective than the one-way
exchange that we see when people are simply 'informed'
Competence - Answers :The ability to undertake responsibilities and to perform
activities to a recognised standard on a regular basis... a combination of practical and
thinking skills, experience and knowledge
Leading indicators - Answers :Proactive measurements of conditions that monitor
process safety before something goes wrong and to see if things are operating as
intended
Lagging indicators - Answers :Reactive measures that look at failures, such as the
number of injuries, the number of near misses and the number of spills that are
reported, or excursions where plant is operated outside the intended operational
envelope
Auditing - Answers :This can be defined as the "systematic, objective critical evaluation
of how well an organisation's management system is performing by examining the
evidence"
Hazard - Answers :Something that has the potential to cause harm
Risk - Answers :This is the likelihood that a hazard will cause harm, in a combination
with the severity of injury, damage or loss that might foreseeably occur.
Plan, Do, Check, Act - Answers :Plan - establish a clear set of goals and targets that will
move the organisation forward in terms of health and safety management.
Do - carry out actions to improve health & safety.
Check - monitor and deterimine whether the steps you have taken are moving you
closer to your goals. These measures can include accident investigation findings.
Act - take action as a result of the monitoring findings in order to continually improve the
process.
, COMAH - Answers :UK Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations 2015
MAPP - Answers :Major accident prevention policy
Auditing - Answers :Systematic, objective critical evaluation of how well an
organisation's management system is performing by examining evidence
Hazard - Answers :Something that has the potential to cause harm
Risk - Answers :The likelihood that a hazard will cause harm, in combination with the
severity of injury, damage, or loss that might foreseeably occur
ALARP - Answers :As Low As Reasonably Practicable, reduce process risks to a point
where it is at its lowest within reasonable costs
Qualitative Assessment (Q) - Answers :frequency and severity are determined purely
qualitatively, eg low, medium, high
Semi-quantitative (SQ) - Answers :frequency and severity are approximately quantified
within ranges
Quantified Risk Assessment (QRA) - Answers :full quantification occurs by the use of
known data
Barrier Models - Answers :Swiss model, multiple barriers to prevent hazards from
resulting in loss of containment/fatality
HAZOP - Answers :Hazard and Operability Study, what causes a process to lose
control or deviate from design intent
HAZID - Answers :Hazard Identification, identify hazards, their potential consequences,
and requirements for risk reduction before changes are made to existing process and
plant
FMEA - Answers :Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, how components or systems fail,
the potential effects/consequences of those failures, existing safeguards against those
failure modes and whether more should be in place.
RPN - Answers :Risk Priority Number - part of FMEA steps - gives you the ability to rank
causes (inputs)
ETA - Answers :Event tree analysis, evaluate the mitigation measures that will operate
after an event and work forward in time to see what protective measures will operate
Immediate cause - Answers :The unsafe act or unsafe condition that leads directly to
the consequences (caused harm, damage, etc)
Root cause - Answers :An underlying circumstance that allowed the unsafe condition or
act to exist (mainly organisational and management failings)
MOC - Answers :Management of Change
Consultation - Answers :The two-way exchange of information between parties, in this
case between employer and worker. This is far more effective than the one-way
exchange that we see when people are simply 'informed'
Competence - Answers :The ability to undertake responsibilities and to perform
activities to a recognised standard on a regular basis... a combination of practical and
thinking skills, experience and knowledge
Leading indicators - Answers :Proactive measurements of conditions that monitor
process safety before something goes wrong and to see if things are operating as
intended
Lagging indicators - Answers :Reactive measures that look at failures, such as the
number of injuries, the number of near misses and the number of spills that are
reported, or excursions where plant is operated outside the intended operational
envelope
Auditing - Answers :This can be defined as the "systematic, objective critical evaluation
of how well an organisation's management system is performing by examining the
evidence"
Hazard - Answers :Something that has the potential to cause harm
Risk - Answers :This is the likelihood that a hazard will cause harm, in a combination
with the severity of injury, damage or loss that might foreseeably occur.
Plan, Do, Check, Act - Answers :Plan - establish a clear set of goals and targets that will
move the organisation forward in terms of health and safety management.
Do - carry out actions to improve health & safety.
Check - monitor and deterimine whether the steps you have taken are moving you
closer to your goals. These measures can include accident investigation findings.
Act - take action as a result of the monitoring findings in order to continually improve the
process.
, COMAH - Answers :UK Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations 2015
MAPP - Answers :Major accident prevention policy
Auditing - Answers :Systematic, objective critical evaluation of how well an
organisation's management system is performing by examining evidence
Hazard - Answers :Something that has the potential to cause harm
Risk - Answers :The likelihood that a hazard will cause harm, in combination with the
severity of injury, damage, or loss that might foreseeably occur
ALARP - Answers :As Low As Reasonably Practicable, reduce process risks to a point
where it is at its lowest within reasonable costs
Qualitative Assessment (Q) - Answers :frequency and severity are determined purely
qualitatively, eg low, medium, high
Semi-quantitative (SQ) - Answers :frequency and severity are approximately quantified
within ranges
Quantified Risk Assessment (QRA) - Answers :full quantification occurs by the use of
known data
Barrier Models - Answers :Swiss model, multiple barriers to prevent hazards from
resulting in loss of containment/fatality
HAZOP - Answers :Hazard and Operability Study, what causes a process to lose
control or deviate from design intent
HAZID - Answers :Hazard Identification, identify hazards, their potential consequences,
and requirements for risk reduction before changes are made to existing process and
plant
FMEA - Answers :Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, how components or systems fail,
the potential effects/consequences of those failures, existing safeguards against those
failure modes and whether more should be in place.
RPN - Answers :Risk Priority Number - part of FMEA steps - gives you the ability to rank
causes (inputs)
ETA - Answers :Event tree analysis, evaluate the mitigation measures that will operate
after an event and work forward in time to see what protective measures will operate
