Pathophysiology Final Exam 2022
1. What is allergic asthma associated with?
correct answers Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated
2. What are the S&S of ARDS?
correct answers SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close), Dyspnea, Inspiratory
Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung Compliance, Hypoxemia
3. What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax?
correct answers Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea towards the unaffected side;
Absent breath sounds over affected lung
4. What is cystic fibrosis?
correct answers Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic Disorder
(Autosomal Recessive)
5. Changes with an asthma attack:
correct answers Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
6. How do you interpret ABG's?
correct answers 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26 (alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
7. Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
correct answers Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
8. Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
correct answers Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
9. Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
correct answers Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
10. Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
correct answers Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
, 11. What are signs of renal cancer?
correct answers No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
12. How do you manage end stage renal disease?
correct answers Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-
hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood
Transfusion (anemic)
13. What do you call kidney pain?
correct answers Nephralgia
14. What is the most helpful test to determine renal function?
correct answers Creatinine
15. What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis?
correct answers E. coli
16. What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure?
correct answers Hypovolemia - Give Fluids
17. What causes acute intrarenal failure?
correct answers Kidney Stones (renal calculi), Renal Ischemia
18. What do we see associated with SIADH?
correct answers Fluid Retention (edema), Crackles in Lungs, Hypertension, Decreased Sodium
(diluted)
19. What causes myxedema coma?
correct answers Hypothyroidism
20. What is the main underlying condition for Type I and Type II Diabetes?
correct answers Impaired Glucose Transport
21. What is the difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes?
correct answers Type I - Complete lack of insulin (Hyperglycemia)
Type II - Insulin resistance on the cells
22. What would we see with hypoparathyroidism?
correct answers Decrease of Calcium (softer bones), Positive Chvostek's Sign,
Tetany/Hyperactivity of Muscles/Tremors
23. What is the therapy for Type I Diabetes?
correct answers Give Insulin
1. What is allergic asthma associated with?
correct answers Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated
2. What are the S&S of ARDS?
correct answers SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close), Dyspnea, Inspiratory
Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung Compliance, Hypoxemia
3. What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax?
correct answers Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea towards the unaffected side;
Absent breath sounds over affected lung
4. What is cystic fibrosis?
correct answers Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic Disorder
(Autosomal Recessive)
5. Changes with an asthma attack:
correct answers Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
6. How do you interpret ABG's?
correct answers 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26 (alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
7. Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
correct answers Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
8. Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?
correct answers Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
9. Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
correct answers Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
10. Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?
correct answers Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
, 11. What are signs of renal cancer?
correct answers No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
12. How do you manage end stage renal disease?
correct answers Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-
hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood
Transfusion (anemic)
13. What do you call kidney pain?
correct answers Nephralgia
14. What is the most helpful test to determine renal function?
correct answers Creatinine
15. What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis?
correct answers E. coli
16. What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure?
correct answers Hypovolemia - Give Fluids
17. What causes acute intrarenal failure?
correct answers Kidney Stones (renal calculi), Renal Ischemia
18. What do we see associated with SIADH?
correct answers Fluid Retention (edema), Crackles in Lungs, Hypertension, Decreased Sodium
(diluted)
19. What causes myxedema coma?
correct answers Hypothyroidism
20. What is the main underlying condition for Type I and Type II Diabetes?
correct answers Impaired Glucose Transport
21. What is the difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes?
correct answers Type I - Complete lack of insulin (Hyperglycemia)
Type II - Insulin resistance on the cells
22. What would we see with hypoparathyroidism?
correct answers Decrease of Calcium (softer bones), Positive Chvostek's Sign,
Tetany/Hyperactivity of Muscles/Tremors
23. What is the therapy for Type I Diabetes?
correct answers Give Insulin
