Physical Chemistry AQA questions
and answers 100% verified 2025
update.
1- ANS.relative mass of a proton
1- ANS.relative mass of a neutron
1/1840 - ANS.relative mass of an electron
+1 - ANS.relative charge of a proton
0- ANS.relative charge of a neutron
-1 - ANS.Relative charge of an electron
strong nuclear force - ANS.How is the nucleus held together
nuclear force - ANS.is the nuclear force or electrostatic force stronger
number of protons - ANS.what does the atomic number represent
atomic number z - ANS.the number of protons in an atom
number of protons and neutrons - ANS.what does the mass number represent
,mass number (A) - ANS.the number of nucleons in an atom
isotopes - ANS.atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
electrons - ANS.what determines the reactivity of an atom
H1/H2/H3 - ANS.hydrogen isotopes
Cl35/Cl37 - ANS.Chlorine isotopes
Br79/Br81 - ANS.Bromine isotopes
C-14 - ANS.Carbon isotope used for carbon dating
2- ANS.Number of electrons the first shell can hold
8- ANS.Number of electrons the second shell can hold
18 - ANS.Number of electrons the third shell can hold
Relative Atomic Mass - ANS.Ar
Relative Atomic Mass - ANS.average mass of 1 atom/1/12 of 1 atom of C-12
determines the mass of separate atoms - ANS.What does the mass spectrometer do?
Vacuum - ANS.First step of the TOF Spectrometer
Time of Flight Mass spectrometer - ANS.TOF spectrometer full
Kept under a high vacuum to avoid collisions with air molecules - ANS.Vacuum step
(TOF)
Ionisation - ANS.Second step of the TOF spectrometer
Dissolved in solvent and passing through needle to a positive terminal with a high
voltage producing positively charged droplets which have lost electrons - ANS.First
method of ionisation (TOF)
Molecules gain a proton - ANS.Second method of ionisation (TOF)
Acceleration - ANS.Third step of the TOF spectrometer
Positive ions attached to a negative plate so they accelerate towards it, faster
depending on their m/z ratio - ANS.Acceleration step (TOF)
, mass/charge - ANS.m/z ratio
Ion Drift - ANS.Fourth step of the TOF spectrometer
Ions pass through a hole in the negative plate, forming a beam to travel along the flight
tube to the detector - ANS.Ion Drift step (TOF)
Detection - ANS.Fifth step of the TOF spectrometer
Ions with highest velocities arrive at the detector first and flight times recorded. Ions pick
up an electron which causes a current to flow so they are detected - ANS.Detection
step (TOF)
Data Analaysis - ANS.Sixth step of the TOF spectrometer
signal from the detector goes to a computer which generates the mass spectrum -
ANS.Data Analysis step (TOF)
Identify the abundance of different isotopes - ANS.What can the mass spectrometer
do
abundance - ANS.what does the height of a peak on a mass spectrum give
m/z - ANS.what does the horizontal axis on a mass spectrum give
(abundance x m/z) + (abundance x m/z) all over total abundance - ANS.How to work
out the Ar of an element from a mass spectrum
2n2 - ANS.General formula for the maximum number of electrons each energy level
can hold
s,p,d,f - ANS.four different atomic sub-levels
s- ANS.Which sub-levels does the first shell contain
s,p - ANS.Which sub-levels does the second shell contain
s,p,d - ANS.Which sub-levels does the third shell contain
2- ANS.Number of electrons the s sub-level can hold
6- ANS.Number of electrons the p sub-level can hold
3- ANS.Maximum number of p-orbitals per shell
and answers 100% verified 2025
update.
1- ANS.relative mass of a proton
1- ANS.relative mass of a neutron
1/1840 - ANS.relative mass of an electron
+1 - ANS.relative charge of a proton
0- ANS.relative charge of a neutron
-1 - ANS.Relative charge of an electron
strong nuclear force - ANS.How is the nucleus held together
nuclear force - ANS.is the nuclear force or electrostatic force stronger
number of protons - ANS.what does the atomic number represent
atomic number z - ANS.the number of protons in an atom
number of protons and neutrons - ANS.what does the mass number represent
,mass number (A) - ANS.the number of nucleons in an atom
isotopes - ANS.atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
electrons - ANS.what determines the reactivity of an atom
H1/H2/H3 - ANS.hydrogen isotopes
Cl35/Cl37 - ANS.Chlorine isotopes
Br79/Br81 - ANS.Bromine isotopes
C-14 - ANS.Carbon isotope used for carbon dating
2- ANS.Number of electrons the first shell can hold
8- ANS.Number of electrons the second shell can hold
18 - ANS.Number of electrons the third shell can hold
Relative Atomic Mass - ANS.Ar
Relative Atomic Mass - ANS.average mass of 1 atom/1/12 of 1 atom of C-12
determines the mass of separate atoms - ANS.What does the mass spectrometer do?
Vacuum - ANS.First step of the TOF Spectrometer
Time of Flight Mass spectrometer - ANS.TOF spectrometer full
Kept under a high vacuum to avoid collisions with air molecules - ANS.Vacuum step
(TOF)
Ionisation - ANS.Second step of the TOF spectrometer
Dissolved in solvent and passing through needle to a positive terminal with a high
voltage producing positively charged droplets which have lost electrons - ANS.First
method of ionisation (TOF)
Molecules gain a proton - ANS.Second method of ionisation (TOF)
Acceleration - ANS.Third step of the TOF spectrometer
Positive ions attached to a negative plate so they accelerate towards it, faster
depending on their m/z ratio - ANS.Acceleration step (TOF)
, mass/charge - ANS.m/z ratio
Ion Drift - ANS.Fourth step of the TOF spectrometer
Ions pass through a hole in the negative plate, forming a beam to travel along the flight
tube to the detector - ANS.Ion Drift step (TOF)
Detection - ANS.Fifth step of the TOF spectrometer
Ions with highest velocities arrive at the detector first and flight times recorded. Ions pick
up an electron which causes a current to flow so they are detected - ANS.Detection
step (TOF)
Data Analaysis - ANS.Sixth step of the TOF spectrometer
signal from the detector goes to a computer which generates the mass spectrum -
ANS.Data Analysis step (TOF)
Identify the abundance of different isotopes - ANS.What can the mass spectrometer
do
abundance - ANS.what does the height of a peak on a mass spectrum give
m/z - ANS.what does the horizontal axis on a mass spectrum give
(abundance x m/z) + (abundance x m/z) all over total abundance - ANS.How to work
out the Ar of an element from a mass spectrum
2n2 - ANS.General formula for the maximum number of electrons each energy level
can hold
s,p,d,f - ANS.four different atomic sub-levels
s- ANS.Which sub-levels does the first shell contain
s,p - ANS.Which sub-levels does the second shell contain
s,p,d - ANS.Which sub-levels does the third shell contain
2- ANS.Number of electrons the s sub-level can hold
6- ANS.Number of electrons the p sub-level can hold
3- ANS.Maximum number of p-orbitals per shell
