• Freshly Updated Anatomy & Physiology Proctored Exam Study Resource

1. Case Study: A 70-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of
severe chest pain radiating to the left arm and jaw. He is sweaty
and anxious.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Aortic aneurysm
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Gastritis
Answer: B. Myocardial infarction
Rationale: The symptoms of chest pain radiating to the left arm
and jaw, along with sweating and anxiety, are classic signs of a
myocardial infarction (heart attack).

2. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with a slow-healing
ulcer on his foot, excessive thirst, and blurred vision. He has a
family history of diabetes.
Question: What condition is most likely causing his symptoms?
A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
B. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Addison’s disease
Answer: A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance
and can lead to slow-healing wounds, blurred vision, and excessive
thirst.

3. Case Study: A 40-year-old male presents with a history of
morning headaches, excessive thirst, and polyuria. His lab results
show elevated cortisol levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Addison’s disease

,B. Cushing’s syndrome
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Acromegaly
Answer: B. Cushing’s syndrome
Rationale: Cushing's syndrome, caused by excessive cortisol
production, often presents with symptoms like morning
headaches, excessive thirst, and polyuria.

4. Case Study: A 55-year-old male with a history of smoking
presents with shortness of breath and chronic cough that has
persisted for years. His oxygen saturation is low.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Asthma
B. Emphysema
C. Chronic bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
Answer: B. Emphysema
Rationale: Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), often caused by smoking, and it presents with
chronic cough and shortness of breath.

5. Case Study: A 30-year-old female presents with muscle
weakness, fatigue, and a rash around her eyes.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Myasthenia gravis
B. Dermatomyositis
C. Lupus erythematosus
D. Multiple sclerosis
Answer: B. Dermatomyositis
Rationale: Dermatomyositis is characterized by muscle weakness
and a characteristic rash, often around the eyes (heliotrope rash).

, 6. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with a cough, fever,
and pleuritic chest pain. He has a history of smoking.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Pneumonia
B. Tuberculosis
C. Bronchitis
D. Lung cancer
Answer: A. Pneumonia
Rationale: Pneumonia is characterized by symptoms such as
cough, fever, and chest pain. Smokers are at an increased risk of
developing pneumonia.

7. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with a history of
chronic leg swelling and varicose veins. He also reports discomfort
in the affected area.
Question: What condition is most likely causing these symptoms?
A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
B. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
C. Chronic venous insufficiency
D. Cellulitis
Answer: C. Chronic venous insufficiency
Rationale: Chronic venous insufficiency occurs when the veins in
the legs are unable to pump blood back to the heart efficiently,
leading to swelling, varicose veins, and discomfort.

8. Case Study: A 28-year-old male presents with sudden severe
headache, nausea, and vomiting. His blood pressure is elevated,
and there is neck stiffness.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Migraine
B. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
C. Tension headache